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The route planning of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is being studied to carry out emergency transport missions in mountainous areas. Based on performance analysis and drone comparison, the route planning constraints are discussed, and route safety is proposed. The ant colony algorithm first establishes Tyson polygons based on mountain positions and obtains feasible solutions for drones that avoid mountain obstacles. Second, in order to avoid dense mountain areas, the safety of the orbit is limited and feasible solutions are reduced. In addition, the shortest path is searched using the ant colony algorithm, and finally, eliminate unnecessary obstacles in the path to shorten the distance, and gain a comprehensive understanding of the drone performance criteria to smooth corners to optimize the actual stroke. safe way. The example analysis shows that the improved ant colony algorithm converges faster than the traditional algorithm and produces a shorter path.