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In this digital era, technology has made its mark in almost every field. With the invention of prosthetic limbs and artificial organs among others have given people a better opportunity. The urbanization also has its downfalls. Traffic accidents can be considered as one. The initial stage treatment to a patient is very critical. The first hour is referred as the Golden Hour for this reason. Especially in the case of accidents the golden hour becomes very important. As per the Report on Road accidents in India 2019, the accident related deaths in India in 2019 were 1,51,113 in number [1]. The average time for an ambulance to reach hospital is going up each year due to increasing. So, it is imperative to find the possible ways to reduce the time. To achieve this, various measures are explored. In rescue times of greater than a half-hour, in half of the cases at least 21 min was required to communicate a need for an ambulance. [2] This article aims to reduce the time taken for the information to reach the ambulance services through a model which detects accidents and informs the ambulance service of the location of accidents.

At present all the works of human beings are replaced by the robots. Generally robotics are classified into service robotics and industrial robotics. Nowadays all fields are occupied by robotics including, hospitals, agriculture, defense, hazardous environment and office. The Robots are used where ever human does not do their work efficiently and safely such as handling poisonous and explosive products in industries. The direction of the robotic vehicle and the spraying of water in the fire is controlled by the voice command. The communication between the vehicle and humans are established through the NODE MCU and ARDUINO. The vehicle consists of three major components such as the NODE MCU, ARDUINO, and water level indicator (on vehicle). This Robotic vehicle is involved to rescue the human beings and extinguishing the fire where fire fighters are not able to enter into the fire accidental area.

This study has been done to find whether there is a significant relationship between corporate social responsibility rating and tax avoidance. Sample includes 79 companies based on availability of ratings data. Companies financial data was collected from Prowess for the year 2004 to 2017. CSR data was collected fromCSRHub. CSRHub is third party site where we can collect CSR ratings data. Regression analysis was used to analyze the significance between corporate social responsibility rating and tax avoidance. Our results suggest that companies with higher CSR ratings have lower involvement in tax avoidance practices.Companies that are showing higher commitment towards environment are more tax responsible.

Electric vehicles are increasing their market share from year to year due to increasing concerns over global warming, to seek freedom from oil based transportation. Considering Electric Vehicles (EVs) as an alternative for Internal Combustion Engines, it is essential to characterize electric vehicles in terms of real world usage and to overcome the range anxiety associated with electric vehicles. In this point of view, an attempt has been made to analyze the real world drive pattern to predict the battery current with multiple linear regression model.

This approach has taken a review of time slot based password technique in which the password is used only once for each and when time slot ends the password is not useful. The proposed time slot based password scheme uses Text time slot based password. The time slot based password scheme uses pair-based authentication scheme. Textual passwords generally used for login authentication. Graphical password is introduced exactly opposite technique to textual passwords. As most users are well known about textual passwords than pure graphical password.

Saliency detection is one of the prominent areas of research since it is used in many computer vision applications. In this paper a visual saliency model is proposed which is bottom-up approach that is used to detect salient regions of an image. The proposed system combines two properties to find the salient regions. First, the proposed system uses a special image descriptor called image signature which approximates the foreground of the image and the foreground separated image is filtered to highlight visually salient regions. Secondly, it utilizes the property of human visual system called human visual acuity to enhance the saliency map. This saliency approach predicts human fixations in a better way than other existing methods on Bruce and Tsotsos[1] benchmark dataset.

The purpose of Text Mining is to process unstructured (textual) information, extracting meaningful numeric indices from the text, and, thus, make the information contained in the text accessible to the various data mining (statistical and machine learning) algorithms. Information can be extracted to derive summaries for the words contained in the documents or to compute summaries for the documents based on the words contained in them. Hence, we can analyze words, clusters of words used in documents, etc., or we can analyze documents and determine similarities between them or how they are related to other variables of interest in the data mining project. This topic that might be integrated with massive files of very disparate joke clusters, bound only because someone thought that they were funny or someone had an interesting thing for light-bulb jokes. Therefore, there are probably tons of doubles and triples and what you have in this collection, and there's just not enough time in the day to sort them, manually. This paper is going to analyze the different variation and analysis of funny or humorous words using data mining techniques.

The objective of the research work is to propose a trigger-action-reaction (TAR) based impact analysis model with the outcome due to Artificial Energy Drinks (AED) on Indian youth. The AED causes a drastic behavioural changes leading to potential health risks in India and the studies suggest that young people or college students are therefore vulnerable to increased problems from ingesting these products. The young community is more likely to take risks than adults and to suffer high rates of alcohol problems, including alcohol-related traffic accidents, violence, sexual assault, and suicide as per the studies. The reaction induces faster metabolism in youth by AEDs resulting to uncontrollable emotional outbursts leading to different health and legal problems. A parallel action reaction based impact analysis with number of AEDs sold out in India that results in criminal activities due to massive consumption of AEDs by the society. A formal model of trigger-action-reaction is applied and validated by multi-core programming using CUDA.

The proposed system for the cloud based automatic system involves the automatic updating of the data to the lighting system. It also reads the data from the base station in case of emergencies. Zigbee devices are used for wireless transmission of the data from the base station to the light system thus enabling an efficient street lamp control system. Infrared sensor and dimming control circuit is used to track the movement of human in a specific range and dims/bright the street lights accordingly hence saving a large amount of power. In case of emergencies data is sent from the particular light or light system and effective measures are taken accordingly.

The world of Ethernet has experienced a number of changes in the last few decades. The introduction of new protocols and new ways of data transfer has caused major changes in the Ethernet world. With the current trend, there will be a time when data is moved from various datacenters at less cost. Efficient protocols would be proposed to see this change in data migration. Performance and delay issues would be a thing of the past. Existing technologies will continue to play a very dominant role in these situations. This is because they have worked well in old protocols, and have very promising features which worked well when incorporated into the current protocols produce great results. This paper proposes one of the ways by which this can be achieved. We attempt to combine two emerging protocols which have changed the phase of networking in these few years. These are, Shortest Path bridging and Network Coding. A combination of the two can be very promising as they both offer very appealing properties to the world of Ethernet technology. We first observe the properties offered by shortest path bridging and optimize its performance using network coding.

Pattern matching is a technique that can be used to identify or detect any anomaly packet from a sequential action. Injection attack is a method that can inject any kind of malicious string or anomaly string on the original string. Most of the pattern based techniques are used static analysis and patterns are generated from the attacked statements. In this paper, we proposed a detection and prevention technique for preventing SQL Injection Attack (SQLIA) using Aho-Corasick pattern matching algorithm. In this paper, we proposed an overview of the architecture. In the initial stage evaluation, we consider some sample of standard attack patterns and it shows that the proposed algorithm is works well against the SQL Injection Attack.

Planning / Expansion of transmission network are regularly done to meet the ever increasing load in a reliable and secure manner. The process involved in planning includes analysis of geographical, technical and economic feasibility of the corridor under consideration. This paper mainly concentrates on proposing a planning process considering geographical and technical analysis, with indications where economic analysis needs to be carried. Generally, when transmission network planning process is initiated, the utilities assume the line length for technical analysis based on their expertise. After geographical analysis, the initial assumed line length changes which is largely neglected by utilities. A simple case has been illustrated to demonstrate the deviation in voltage profile and compensation requirements due to change in line length.

Efficient consumption of energy of sensor node in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN's) is one of the noticeable challenges nowadays. We can prolong the lifetime of WSN by well-organized clustering of nodes. In this work we suggest PSO incorporated cuckoo search optimization algorithm for clustering in energy aware way and compared it with cuckoo search algorithm. Through efficient clustering of WSN we are reducing the total communication distance as well as providing more probability for higher energy node to be cluster head. The proposed algorithm provides improved lifetime than LEACH, SEP and cuckoo search algorithms.

The Shorts and Opens Monitor (SOM) is a read-only addressable defect array that is widely and effectively used as a yield monitor in technology development and early stage of manufacturing. The SOM consists of scan-chain input/output, fully stackable DUTs, reference resistors for calibration, and a robust periphery design. The area efficiency and defect localization capabilities of the SOM greatly enable characterization of top yield detractors in 32nm process technology.

Service Integration has become a critical issue as organizations find a greater need to consistently interact with their partners and share their Business logics to carry out the necessities. To accurately and efficiently extract and integrate the required service logics from the rapidly expanding Business services, developers need to empathize the whole service and must decide on proper approach to merge them which are complex and time-consuming tasks. So the present focus is to have a mechanized system which analyzes the Business logics and conveys proper mode to integrate them. There is no standard model to undertake these issues and one such a model proposed in this paper examines the Business logics individually and suggests proper structure to integrate them. One of the innovative concepts of proposed model is Property Evaluation System which scrutinizes the service logics and ascertains proper mode to integrate the service. The system constructs FSM for each Business logic and consumes this FSM to identify dependency between the logic and suggests the feasible ways to integrate the service logics. This helps developers to integrate the service logics with least effort.

In this work a PSO based algorithm has been proposed to improve the sturdiness against RS steganalysis. RS Steganalysis is commonly used method which detects the steg-message from the stego-image. A new method based on particle swarm optimization is proposed in this paper to improve the robustness of the stego image against RS steganalysis. The pixel values of the LSB steg-image are modified by the PSO algorithm to keep their statistic characters. This makes the RS Steg Analysis hard to detect the embedded message. The image quality is also maintained. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed algorithm provides improved secrecy against RS steganalysis compared with genetic algorithm based method.

Security threats for the network services have been constantly increasing day by day. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is one such kind of security threat which involves multiple systems generating a large amount of traffic towards a target machine and thereby making any service from that target machine or server unavailable to its clients. This threat by nature needs no control over the target system. Traditional methods of detecting DDoS attacks are mostly centralized in nature and highly disadvantageous. To overcome the disadvantages of those schemes, we propose a distributed methodology which involves installing the attack detectors at various parts of the network. Each router in the network will monitor the traffic flowing through it and if any anomaly in the traffic pattern is detected, it will raise an alarm to the nearby routers. The alarm propagates to all the routers through which the attack flows. By this way a tree like construct is made, which will have information about number of alarms raised and the path of the attack flow. If the construct shows any converging pattern then it is declared as DDoS attack.

Power flow control, in an existing long transmission line, plays a vital role in Power System area. This paper employs the shunt connected compensation (STATCOM) based FACTS device for the control of voltage and the power flow in long distance transmission line. The proposed device is used in different locations such as sending end of the transmission line, middle and receiving end of the transmission line. The PWM control strategy is used to generate the firing pulses of the controller circuit. Simulations were carried out using MATLAB Simulink environment. The suitable location and the performance of the proposed model were examined. Based on a voltage-sourced converter, the STATCOM regulates system voltage by absorbing or generating reactive power. Contrary to a thyristor-based Static Var Compensator (SVC), STATCOM output current (inductive or capacitive) can be controlled independent of the AC system voltage. The simulation results reveals that the reactive power generated is better at the middle of the transmission line when compared with the other ends of the transmission line and also the voltage is controlled at the middle of the line. Henceforth the location of STATCOM is optimum when connected at the middle of the line.

Emission control is one of the biggest challenge in today's automotive industry. Emission control can be achieved either by controlling combustion or by treating the exhaust gas. The latter is comparatively easier since there is less or no need to modify the engine itself. One such after treatment method is the use of catalytic converter. But, the 3-way converter is expensive due to use of both platinum and palladium/rhodium. One of the alternative is the use of selective catalytic reduction, i.e., reduction of a particular mission based on the type of the engine used. For example, the major emissions in case of CI engines are NO X and PM. This project aims at reduction of NO X using SCR and its optimization. This project presents a modelling approach to the design optimization of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. The present study is concerned with ammonia slip and conversion efficiency of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which are two major issues of SCR technologies. The physical processes including urea spray atomization, droplet evaporation, urea decomposition and turbulent mixing are accounted for in the modelling method. In addition, the velocity distribution and pressure drop in the SCR converter are analyzed with the consideration of flow resistances of the catalyst substrates and perforated plates.

In this paper we discuss different Subtractors design based on quantum dot cellular automata (QCA). QCA is an emerging nanotechnology for electronic circuits. It has the potential for attractive features such as faster speed, smaller size and low power consumption than transistor based technology. By taking the advantages of QCA we are able to design interesting computational architectures. The Subtractors: Half-Subtractor and Full-Subtractor are designed and simulated using QCADesigner . The QCA designer is a design and simulation tool for quantum dot cellular automata (QCA).

The continuing rise in the number and complexity of test structures required to characterize every new technology generation demands at least a commensurate increase in test throughput. At IBM, various 32nm yield test structures are being tested on a functional test platform using customized Source Measurement Units (SMU) that allow parallel current measurement on up to 100 pins. This novel method improves test throughput as much as 9X over traditional parametric testing while offering current measurement resolution down to 100 fA. The test structures described herein help accelerate yield learning by enabling characterization of yield-loss mechanisms and rapid evaluation of yield improvement actions.

We describe the development and use of various test structures for 32nm yield enhancement. These DC defect test structures are tested in parallel mode on a functional tester using special V/I and Pico-Amp measurement cards. This new test method provides measurement accuracy as high as ± 10 pA along with up to 9x reduction in test time over conventional parametric testing. The large critical area enables reliable estimation of defect densities by failure mechanism.

A comprehensive 45 nm short-flow test chip was designed and is currently used to improve defect-limited yield. In a novel development to reduce test time, the DC test structures are tested in parallel mode on a functional test platform, resulting in a 5x reduction in test time over conventional parametric testing. The large critical area enables accurate measurement of defect densities down to the ppb-level, while the reduced cycle time of this short-flow test chip makes it an excellent routine defect monitor as well as a test vehicle for evaluating process changes.