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11. $\eta_{max}$-Charging Strategy for Lithium-Ion Batteries in V2G Applications

Author

Beiranvand, Hamzeh, Blasuttigh, Nicola, Pereira, Thiago, Hansen, Sandra, Krueger, Helge, Liserre, Marco, Pavan, Alessandro Massi, Beiranvand, Hamzeh, Blasuttigh, Nicola, Pereira, Thiago, Hansen, Sandra, Krueger, Helge, Liserre, Marco, and Pavan, Alessandro Massi

Subjects
Lithium-Ion Battery, Charging Strategy, DAB Converter, Maximum Efficiency, Vehicle to Grid (V2G)
Abstract

The design of charging strategies for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries depends on the application. In electric vehicle applications, high charging speed and long battery life are essential requirements. However, with the advent of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and potential remuneration for electric grid support, maximum user profit could gain increasing interest through efficient operation that also optimizes battery health. Conventional constant-current constant voltage (CCCV) and constant-power constant-voltage (CPCV) charging strategies do not include the optimum efficiency of the battery and charging stations. In this paper, a charging strategy is introduced aiming at maximizing the instantaneous efficiency (ηmax of the Li-ion battery and the charging station which minimizes the energy waste. For this purpose, 18650 Li-ion cells and a dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter are considered in the simulations and experimental validations. The results show that the ηmax -charging strategy outperforms conventional CCCV and CPCV charging strategies in terms of efficiency and material-lifetime compatibility.

Published
2022
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12. Efficiency Trade-off-Oriented Analysis for the integration of DC-DC Converter and Battery Pack in V2G Applications

Author

Blasuttigh, Nicola, Beiranvand, Hamzeh, Pereira, Thiago, Castellan, Simone, Liserre, Marco, Blasuttigh, Nicola, Beiranvand, Hamzeh, Pereira, Thiago, Castellan, Simone, and Liserre, Marco

Subjects
DC-DC converters, Dual Active Bridge (DAB), Vehicle-to-Grid, Lithium-ion battery, DC-DC converter, Efficiency
Abstract

Growing concerns about environmental aspects and clean energy generation call for effective solutions to reduce the demand for fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. One solution of particular interest is the use of electric vehicles (EVs), which are considered one of the most favourable strategies for reducing pollution in the transport sector. Besides battery charging process, the EV battery pack can serve as an energy storage system (ESS) to support the grid, thanks to vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ancillary services. During the EV power exchange with the main grid, the overall efficiency depends not only on the converter but also on the battery. Typically, power converters, in particular dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters, present a low efficiency at light loads (i.e. low C-rates) and higher values at high power levels. The battery efficiency, on the other hand, decreases almost linearly as the power increases. Therefore, there is an optimum C-rate that could be selected to operate the converter and the battery when they are connected to the grid in order to minimize the losses of the overall system. In this context, the paper aims to analyze the trade-off between several designed lithium-ion battery packs and DAB efficiencies to find the best compromise. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the correctness of the theoretical analyses, which also lead to an efficiency-focused design method for V2G applications.

Published
2022
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49. Frequency-Domain Thermal Modeling of Power Modules Based on Heat Flow Spectrum Analysis.

Author

Xu, Mengqi, Ma, Ke, Zhong, Quan, and Liserre, Marco

Abstract

Many efforts have been devoted to describe the multi-timescale thermal dynamics of power modules and frequency-domain modeling is a relatively new approach. Unfortunately, only the frequency-domain response of thermal impedance has been studied in recent works, so the existing models can only describe the temperature behaviors of semiconductors. In the reality, it is not only the temperature of semiconductors which is important but also of other parts of the package. In this article, a novel perspective to study the thermal dynamics by analyzing heat flow behaviors is proposed. Frequency spectrum analysis in finite-element method simulation has been first used in this article, and it reveals that heat flow of the power semiconductor device behaves as a multi-layer low-pass filter (LPF). As a result, a novel modelling method of heat flow with a 7order-3frequencies LPF has been developed in this article and it can provide a comprehensive description of heat flow behaviors for power modules at full bandwidth. Meanwhile, the effects on heat flow behaviors brought by boundary conditions are also considered to ensure that the proposed model can be easily adapted to different boundary conditions. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model has been verified by both simulations and experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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50. Voltage-Fed Isolated Matrix-Type AC/DC Converter for Wind Energy Conversion System.

Author

Xu, Yang, Wang, Zheng, Zou, Zhixiang, Buticchi, Giampaolo, and Liserre, Marco

Subjects
WIND energy conversion systems, MATRIX converters, PULSE width modulation transformers, WIND power
Abstract

In this article, a voltage-fed isolated matrix-type ac/dc converter (VF-MC) is proposed for wind energy conversion system (WECS). Instead of the line-frequency transformer, the high-frequency transformer (HFT) is used for isolation between the generator and the grid. The direct matrix converter (MC) is employed to connect the wind power generator and the HFT, and the intermediate dc capacitors are saved in the ac/ac conversion. Moreover, the proposed VF-MC can work without use of filter capacitors on generator side, and enable more compact size. The dedicated space-vector-modulation scheme and commutation method are proposed for safe operation of the MC. The voltage spikes due to the leakage inductance of HFT are thus reduced and the additional snubber circuit is avoided in the proposed system. A 1-kW laboratory prototype of the proposed VF-MC-based WECS is built to verify the effectiveness of the system experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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