Search

This paper reviews the NTIRE 2022 challenge on night photography rendering. The challenge solicited solutions that processed RAW camera images captured in night scenes to produce a photo-finished output image encoded in the standard RGB (sRGB) space. Given the subjective nature of this task, the proposed solutions were evaluated based on the mean opinions of viewers asked to judge the visual appearance of the results. Michael Freeman, a world-renowned photographer, further ranked the solutions with the highest mean opinion scores. A total of 13 teams competed in the final phase of the challenge. The proposed methods provided by the participating teams represent state-of-the-art performance in nighttime photography. Results from the various teams can be found here: https://nightimaging.org/

A coupled microwave dielectric resonator system is under development, aimed at realizing a high resolution single X-ray photon energy detector, operating at relatively high cryogenic temperature, around 4K. Construction of the cooler system and thermal characterisation system is completed, with a demonstrated base temperature of 2.2 K. All aspects of the novel calorimeter performance have been evaluated, including demonstration of the required rapid thermal time constant of a coupled resonator, a high $df/dT$ response and promising development of a low noise microwave detection system.

This paper outlines how demands on electromagnetic metrology have developed over recent years with the continuing reduction in the typical length scale of electronic components and circuits. In addition novel materials, especially 2D self-supporting structures such as graphene, have properties quite unlike conventional systems. At the nanoscale radical changes occur in techniques required and even in the physical quantities measured. This paper focusses on the example of a nearfield scanning microwave microscope and its application to nanoelectromechanical system resonators to illustrate these changes and challenges. UK NMS Program; EPSRC

Nano-SQUIDs which can be the readout for inductive superconducting transition edge detectors (ISTED) were fabricated on monolayer niobium (Nb) film by focus ion beam (FIB) milling. The dimension of the nanobridges which formed the junctions was less than 60 nm and the diameter of the loop was $20\ \mu \text{m}$ , The properties of this nano-SQUID were investigated. The design of ISTED was introduced and the transition temperature $(T_{\text{c}})$ of the absorbing layer was adjusted by both the thickness and the proportion Si doping of Nb.

Optical chip scale package is a key transceiver technology for future communication networks. A novel scheme is proposed with 336 electrical and optical channels integrated on single substrate. A novel ultra-dense optical IO solution for silicon photonics chips is proposed as an important enabling technology.

NanoSQUIDs with Dayem nanobridge weak-link junctions were fabricated on single layer niobium film by focus ion beam(FIB) milling. The dimension of the nanobridge is less than 60 nm and the loop scale is from 400×400 nm to 2.5×20 μm. The working temperature range for this device was researched. The voltage-flux transfer properties were measured at different working temperatures.

An ultra-dense optical IO solution for silicon photonic chip is proposed, based on multi-core fiber array and three dimensional optical interposer. We demonstrate an 84-channel prototype with 3.5mm width on optical coupling interface.

Interaction between humans and machines is one of the major issues concerned by the technological society. The software interface becomes especially important as nowadays we interact with machines through it. In interface design emotions should be concerned because operators' behaviors are substantially influenced by emotions. Ecological Interface Design (EID) is recognized as a promising framework for designing interfaces for complex human-machine systems. However, no attention has been paid on the influence of ecologically designed interface on operators' emotional states. This paper is aiming to find answer for two questions: first, whether the acclaimed Ecological Interface has advantages in improving operators' emotional aspect, second, how the emotions of operators are related with interface usability factors. Traditional interface and ecological interface were compared, by using Semantic Differential method and user interview, of the influence on emotional states, also, usability factors were studied and related to the operators' emotions.

Single and two dimensional carbon materials represent a major development in advanced materials of the past two decades, with potential major disruptive applications across ICT, high frequency electronics. The microwave interactions of these materials has only much more recently been investigated. In this paper we present details of a very sensitive non-invasive method to characterize the electrical properties of graphene at the large scale, also the investigation of carbon nanotubes as high frequency interconnects and graphene nano-electromechanical resonators driven and detected by a microwave resonator near-field technique. We speculate on future microwave and reduced dimension carbon applications.

This paper focuses on professional CAD/CAPP/CAM integrated system development of numerical control lathe. At first, it analyzes various module feature, function and composition of CAD, CAPP and CAM. Then with Auto CAD software and Visual C++ it provides the solution to related function on CAPP and CAM. The next step is discussing the realization of CAD functional modules, and developing the interface program of DXF file. We analyze the fitting process of NURBS curve numerical control program, to propose characteristics matching rules by extracting axisymmetric body shape characteristics of 2-dimensional figures. The feature recognition is performed to provide data source for system integration. Finally, by manufacture example of classical rotational part, it describes the interface and work process of CAD integrated system and verifies the feasibility of system.

We have developed a novel near-field microwave probe system which is able to simultaneously excite and readout the oscillation of a range of mechanical resonators, from hundreds of microns to sub-micron size. In this paper we discuss the coupling strength between a near-field microwave coaxial probe and a conducting cantilever. We present experimental results on a variety of excitation and readout methods, including a novel self-sustaining microwave interrogated oscillator with excellent frequency stability. We describe a parametric techniques for driving NEMS resonators in a low-noise manner and reading out NEMS resonators under a variety of excitation techniques. Finally we present designs for a scanned array system which allows a single microwave source to interrogate a range of membrane resonators. This has potential for biosensor and other future applications.

As micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (M/NEMS) enter more widely into sensing applications and precision nanometrology it is timely to consider the advantages to be gained from a excitation and readout system which may be tailored for a wide range of applications. In this paper we describe a system that we are developing which allows a combination of excitation and readout methods which impact on many potential applications.

This paper describes a novel method using a near-field microwave probe system which is able to simultaneously excite and readout the oscillation of a range of mechanical resonators, from hundreds of microns to sub-micron size. We report the preparation of high Q dielectric microwave resonators coupled to a sharpened tungsten near-field tip and describe the microwave homodyne detection system used to drive and detect mechanical vibrations of a nearby electromechanical resonator. High Q resonators are particularly useful for precision measurement because the system may be interrogated by sensing small shifts in resonant frequency, the most accurately measurable physical quantity. Experimental results are presented as well as some predictions of the system potential.

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a coplanar waveguide structure (CPW) and its use as a basis for characterizing the properties of a number of different types of carbon nanotubes. We report on the issues involved in integrating nanotubes with conventional scale photolithograpically patterned substrates and we model the measured response of the resulting circuits to de-embed the CNT properties.

In order to improve the vehicle smoothness, the 3-DOF analysis physical and mathematical models of a vehicle and seat air-spring suspension system were established. Based on the linear stochastic optimal control theory (LQG), use the signal of road's output as excitation source to design the optimal law of this feedback control system. Application of MATLAB simulation programming language was designed for the model and computer simulation. The results show that the control strategy on the road excitation system has a good applicability on control the vibration passed to the driver's seat through the vehicle and it can effectively reduce the vertical vibration acceleration which is passed to drivers.

A generation method of underwater terrain was brought forward in which the electric chart was used as the data source. Laplace interpolation was used in data interpolation of the water depth on the electronic chart to generate three-dimensional environment. The Roam-based LOD algorithm was improved and data storage structure of the Roam algorithm was redesigned, and a height factor was introduced when distinguishing resolution. The improved model LOD algorithm reduced the geometry complexity while ensuring the accuracy of the simplified model, and was very effective in computing and storage. The simulation results showed that the method was effective.

The α -stable distribution is a very flexible tool to model NonGaussian data. Stable distributions can allow for modeling infinite variance, skewness and heavy tails, but gives rise to inferential problems related to the estimation of the stable distribution parameters. In this work, we study the estimation of α -stable distributions using numerical Bayesian sampling techniques such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which can simultaneously estimate the four parameters of the model with good performance. Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is used to update the parameters of α -stable distribution at every iteration. The simulation results show that our estimation method is capable of estimating all the parameters accurately.

The algorithm and its implementation of a leading zero anticipators (LZA) are very vital for the performance of a high-speed floating-point adder in current state of art microprocessor design. However, in predicting "shift amount" by a conventional LZA design, there may be one-bit error, which is mentioned as the possible error in the result. This paper compares the conventional LZA designs and presents a novel parallel error-detection algorithm for modifying the result of the LZA before it is sent off to improve the performance of the LZA. The novel error-detection algorithm does not depend on any carry-in signals of the adder. Therefore, it makes the error-correction to be parallel with the mantissas addition and increases the speed of the LZA to generate correct results significantly.

The cognition, operation and experiencing of the software interface of smartphone has attracted more and more attention as the smartphone featured with surpassing the traditional-functioned featurephones turns out to be the future trend. This paper discusses the differences between smartphones and featurephones, new features of the software interface of smartphones, such as functions, size of its screen, multi-touch and intelligent sensing technology, and some peculiarities of software interface of smartphone, such as its property of being sensed or understood, efficiency and artistic quality, etc… Based on the above discussions, it proposes that the scene models and information frameworks should be constructed on the demands of users and they should be expressed by symbols. Furthermore, it discusses concrete methods of diverse design of the overall presentation of interface signs, visual style, and specific operation, etc.

With the respect to the special environment of dyke emergency, this paper is focused on the kinematics analysis, pace programming of the walking machine of the piling platform. Firstly, the general design of the walking machine of the piling platform is designed, and its kinematics solution is analysed. Based above, the pace programming of the walking machine is studied. The horizontal pace is researched. According to the pace drawing, every leg's swing sequence in different walking direction is presented.

The relative position between magnetic target and the device installed on underwater vehicle, is determined by measuring magnetic field magnitude and gradients of target on condition that geomagnetic field anomaly can be viewed as a magnetic dipole target. The relationship between the errors of magnetic field magnitude, gradients and the variation of platform attitude and its effect on localization precision of vehicle are studied theoretically and simulated numerically. The results show that the effect of vehicle attitude variation on magnetic field magnitude and gradients are small and obvious, respectively. However, the distance between magnetic target and the device is not nearly varied. A new method calculating vehicle attitude variation by magnetic moments of the target is studied theoretically and simulated numerically. The results show the calculating precision for the novel method is higher in principle, which can be used to detect the attitude of underwater vehicle.

The interaction channel of digital product, designers, and users has been greatly changed in the era of information. From the perspective of the concept of symbolic interaction, this paper analyses the relationship between symbolic interaction and digital product, and the mutual communication, exchange of roles, and definition of situations in the interactiing process of designers, users, and symbols in the designing of digital products. And also, this paper discusses the different influences of usage and emotional experience of digital product symbolic meaning. Furthermore, various approaches of constructing symbolic interaction of digital product are put forward-collecting symbols sharing a common experience, stressing all the procedure of symbolic transmission, clarifying characteristics and hobbies of the target people, paying attention to the sentimental power and highlighting the multi-dimensional interaction of the sensory organ.

A Smart phone has become one of the necessities of people's life, and its user interface and experience will be paid more and more attention to. This paper mainly discusses its multiple functions featured with interface interaction, proposing that the interactive communication channel should be multi-sensory. Besides, it also analyzes a variety of technologies of recognition and interaction, such as technology of sense, speech recognition and gesture recognition, etc, based on which, it further puts forward that the mobile phone interface design should be permeated with the basic iterative process of interaction design, focusing on a variety of interactive interface forms, attaching importance to information architecture design, application of scene perception and location of the information in the future. These will help designers to meet the development tendency of smart phones in the future.

In order to solve costly procedure of search and premature convergence for continuous function optimization problem, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with Iterated local search (ILS) method is proposed. During the global search process, our algorithm can enhance the local search ability of particle swarm optimization thought adding random perturbation to local search. Some optimization tests of the standard benchmark function confirm that our method has a stronger ability of global optimization and a faster convergence.

Most of the existing digital signature schemes were developed based on a single hard problem like factoring, discrete logarithm or elliptic curve discrete logarithm problems. In this paper, we proposed a new threshold signature scheme based on multiple hard problems namely factoring and elliptic curve discrete logarithm problems. We combined the two problems into both signing and verifying equations. The new scheme was shown to be secure against the known attacks for signature schemes. The efficiency performance of our scheme is given. Our scheme provides longer and higher security level than that scheme based on one problem.

Vehicle mobile movement can cause dynamic error of the Platform inertial navigation system (PINS) which is widely used in underwater vehicle. Taking PINS as the research object, the space motion mathematical models of underwater vehicle are analyzed and established by reasonable simply. Through coordinate transformation relationship research of the fixed coordinate system, the moving coordinate system and the local present coordinate system, the underwater vehicle actual space motion can be embedded in the PINS. It can provide PINS the input information which contain the east and north acceleration real-timely by controlling vehicle motion and get the navigation which is more close to underwater actual motion. Thus the whole PHINS simulator based on underwater vehicle motion model are realized. Computer simulation result show the embeddedmethod is right and the PINS simulator can realized the actual simulation well. This is a new good method for the movement adaptability examination of INS.

This paper describes an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm that combines stochastic local search (SLS) heuristics,named PSOSLS, to solve costly procedure of search and premature convergence for continuous function optimization problems. The SLS is embedded in the PSO to improve the proposed heuristics. During the global search process, our algorithm can enhance the local search ability of particle swarm optimization thought adding random perturbation to local search. Some optimization tests on many different benchmark optimization problems show that PSOSLS can search for global optima in difficult multimodal optimization problems and reach better solutions than original PSO algorithm.

The advantages gained by a reduction in feature size towards the sub-micrometre or nanometre scale have opened the way to new applications for SQUlDs. We describe our work to employ sub-micron or nanoscale SQUIDs for single particle detection and spectroscopy using a novel inductive superconducting transition edge technique

We report further development of a novel form of bolometric detector which may have widespread application to particle detection and energy resolved measurement, applicable to massive particles, photons or even phonons