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With the rapid popularization of the Internet, nowadays manufacturers are increasingly adopting a dual-channel to sell their products, i.e., The traditional retail channel and online direct channel. Empirical studies have shown that retailer's local advertising has significant effects on demand and pricing decision. However, there is scant literature addressing the decision on the local advertising and its impacts on the manufacturer and retailer's pricing decisions. To fill this gap, we explore the optimal decisions of local advertising and pricing in a centralized and a decentralized dual-channel supply chain using the two-stage optimization technique and Stackelberg game, and analyze the impacts of local advertising and customers' preference to the direct channel on the pricing strategies. The results show that local advertising strongly influences pricing strategies and profits of channel members. Numerical analysis reveals that customers' preference to the direct channel has great effects on the local advertising and pricing decisions.

Much research in the operations research (OR) community has focused on commercial logistics or supply chain management, but there is another kind of logistics problem, dealing with emergency response, that has not as yet received much attention. In this paper, we present a literature review of emergency logistics in the context of large-scale disasters. First, we identify key characteristics of large-scale disasters and assess their possible challenges to emergency logistics. Second, we analyze and summarize the current literature on how to deal with these challenges. Finally, we discuss existing gaps in relevant research and suggest future research directions.

In supply chain management, it is easy to make the supply chain system vulnerable, lack of resilience and even disorderly if we simply emphasize lower costs and higher efficiency. The subject on how to strengthen the resilience of supply chain has attracted more and more scholars' attention. However, relevant studies are mostly concentrated on qualitative analysis. In this paper, a quantitative measuring method, referring to stress relaxation time of material mechanics, was proposed based on the biological cell elasticity theory, which is helpful to the research of supply chain resilience in quantitative approach. Then the impact of different factors on supply chain resilience was discussed. The results are consistent with the realistic situation and indicate that the measuring model is reasonable and right under the assumed conditions.

Edge detection is a core technology in image processing and recognition. Because classical edge detection operators such as Roberts, Sobel and Canny operator are sensitive to noise, and traditional edge detection algorithm based on mathematical morphology is insufficient for complex features, this paper proposes a multi-structure and multi-scale morphological adaptive algorithm based on image fusion that can reasonably consider noise reduction and preserve the detailed edge information. Finally, the experiment results indicate that the novel algorithm ensures the continuity, integrity, and accurate location of image edge when being applied to iris recognition and AGVs vision navigation.

As an example of SUTAI pigs, safety control of Meat supply chain is studied in this paper. In the beginning, based on the study of the original management method and meat supply chain model of SUTAI pigs, some improvements have been made: the information through all the meat supply chain is connected; a new pork production code method is given; the identification technology of Bar Code and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) are taken to the new meat supply chain safety control. The RFID technology is used to individual identify in the farm of SUTAI pigs, and the information database of living SUTAI pigs is constructed; The Bar Code is used in the other stages of meat supply chain. Then, the code of pork production is generated. The safety control system of meat supply chain is established, from which the meat production information can be acquired and traced.

In order to measure the supply chain risk caused by the fluctuation of retail price which is considered as a random variable, in this paper, for a three-echelon supply chain with no inventories, we use the variances of profits of supplier, distributor and retailer to characterize their risks. And then we analyze the transmission mode of risks by the differences of variances of profits of retailer, distributor and supplier, finding the ranges of the distribution price and wholesale price that ensure the risks of distributor are lower than that of retailer, and the risks of supplier are lower than that of distributor. At last, a numerical example is presented to show the results.

As more interdependent relationship between suppliers and their immediate buyers in current supply chain networks (SCNs), any disruption of SCNs can bring dramatic threatening to the entire networks. The purpose of this paper is to present a network-design tool that can be used by managers/decision-makers in managing the disruption risks to forge a resilient meat-food SCNs. In this paper, a resilient network-design model based on multisupplier is constructed to enhance the survivability and resilience of the SCNs after the supply disruption happened by using mixed-integer stochastic programming method. Then Benders decomposition algorithm is adopted to solve the proposed model. Finally, a case analysis is presented to highlight the significance of the proposed model and the efficiency of the developed survivable resilient SCNs for meat-food.

"Food quality and food safety" is a broader term, which means an assurance that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is eaten and its quality is in lime with its price and promotion information. Due to recent food crises in the world, food quality and food safety have become a hot topic in mass media. Existing quality control systems, applying both sample testing and preventive methods, can detect the food contaminated by known microbiological virus effectively. As virus mutated, the deficiency of existing system is showing. New type food safety incidents break up, and more effectively quality control system are required. This paper proposes an improved quality control system of meat supply chain by integrating iris recognition technology, for iris recognition not only can check whether these piantic livestock come from appointed farm, but also can help to species conservation and high-end meat product identification. This paper takes cattle as an experimental object, and generates iris encoding by using suitable algorithms.

In this paper, the American management mechanism for public health emergency is studied in order to provide references for the establishment and improvement of such a mechanism in China. The mechanism used in the US is summarized from three aspects - organizational structure, management system, and logistics network. To be comparable, the Chinese version of the mechanism is also introduced from the same three aspects. Finally, three areas for improving China's management mechanism for public health emergency is presented: (1) the standing body of the public health emergency should be set up; (2) a national unified system for disease surveillance, control, and prevention should be established; and (3) the storage system which integrates the national, regional, military, market and family resources should be improved.

In order to improve operational efficiency and reduce energy waste of automated storage and retrieval system, this paper presents optimization ideas for goods location numbering and storage and retrieval sequence. Based on modeling and analyzing about single and double command cycle time of stackers, new goods location distribution idea is proposed comparing with the traditional one; by modeling storage and retrieval sequence and on the basis of improved goods location numbering, this paper discusses storage and retrieval sequence optimization algorithm. These two optimization ideas make the stackers work in order and reduce the waiting time and traveling time. It is practical significant of them to contribute to enhancing the efficiency and throughput of stackers even the whole automated warehouse, reducing energy waste and operation time.

In order to measure the supply chain risk caused by the fluctuation of retail price, which is considered as a random variable, in this paper, for a two-echelon supply chain with a single supplier and a single retailer with no inventories, we use the variances of profits of supplier and retailer to characterize their risk, respectively. And then we analyze the transmission mode of risk by the difference of variances of profits of retailer and supplier, finding that the transmission mode is affected by the probability density function of price and the type of goods. And for the products with enough large ratio of the maximum market demand and the price-sensitive coefficient, no matter how the retail price fluctuates, the risk is reduced when it spreads up.

To research the collaborative relationship between the epidemic diffusion network and the emergency rescue network, the SIR model with pulse vaccination is introduced, in which the quantity of vaccinated individuals can be calculated if the vaccinated rate is established. Based on the SIR model, the rescue model is formulated for the purpose of satisfying the demand and reducing the total rescue cost in the limited time. As a result, the distance threshold, which is related to the rescue time and cost, is used as a standard to choose vaccine supply points. Then the vaccine amount is calculated by simulation. Numerical study with several affected areas is conducted, and the corresponding results indicate that the proposed model is available and vaccinated rate is vital for collaborating between the two networks. To sum up, the novel method can be employed by decision-makers to coordinate in an actual accident.

Iris recognition system design and development of large animals is used to make the large animals be recognizable and traceability from the farm to the slaughterhouse. We can identify the animals when people find it carrying infectious diseases. On the basis of experiments on cows, this paper introduces the iris recognition system design; and we mainly introduce the algorithms of edge detection and iris-encoding used in this system. Iris images are acquired by special capture device. The images will be translated to iris encoding by image preprocessing, feature extraction and matching operations. By calculating the hamming distance between iris-encoding of different individuals, we can distinguish different individuals. The result of the iris recognition can help us to identify where the animals carrying infection virus come from, and then find the source of infection.

In this paper, we design the reverse network integrated with forward logistics under the background of electric power system. Firstly we make it on the basis of the original forward logistics facilities; then under the emergency logistics, we establish the stochastic network-design model to solve the location problem, considering the demand for electric power materials and the quantity of returned vitiated power materials following the Poisson distribution. Lastly, in this paper, in order to solve this stochastic network-design model, we take use of random simulations algorithm, and verify the model with a hypothetical numerical example.

In allusion to the condition of adopting mostly (R,S) replenishment policy when analyzing the bullwhip effect based on inventory policies, replenishment policies and demand forecast policies and measuring the amplificatory extent with linear control theory, in this paper we apply transfer functions to study the stability of a two-echelon supply chain system that operates under the general Bowman linear replenishment, coming to the parameters' ranges that ensure the stability of a supply chain system. The results provide the suppliers, distributors and retailers some methods to order products and decrease the order amplification.

For low efficiency and tremendous energy waste of warehouse operation, this paper breaking traditional area distribution introduce a new area distribution of goods location and distribution algorithm, using matured simulation software AutoMod to simulate and analyze this new thought in order to reduce energy waste, increase equipment utilization and operation efficiency, improve throughput. Through a large amount of simulations, intuitive figures and data analysis, we can conclude that this algorithm provides a new idea to managers which reduces energy waste and optimizes the operating time significantly, especially applies to which has a great difference in frequency of goods storage; increases stackers operating efficiency and reduces losses; moreover, area number directly responses to the goods storage frequency.

In order to effectively increase the ability of the city's emergency decision-making and reduce the threat of unexpected incidents, by introducing the knowledge management theory, and systematically analyzing the classification and function of knowledge in the intercity emergency decision-making management system, the knowledge management system of intercity emergency decision-making can be established based on the initially establishment of the urban emergency decision-making knowledge base, so as to realize the obtaining, transferring, applying and sharing of the city emergency decision-making knowledge and will improve the utilization rate of knowledge. This scientific and efficient knowledge management is proving accurate information for emergency decision-making in time, which will lead to make more scientific and reasonable decision to rescue rapidly and correctly. The research results show that the construction of knowledge management system oriented to intercity emergency decision-making has a practical significance to the raising of the whole urban emergency management ability.

In the anti-bioterrorism system, the emergency logistics distribution is an important component, which is the foundation and precondition of safeguarding carrying out rescue activities. The background of emergency logistics in the anti-bioterrorism system is analyzed in this paper. Aiming at the problem of emergency materials under the system of anti-bioterrorism, satisfying the emergency time is taken as the premise, and minimizing dispatches cost is taken as the goal, the paper proposes the solution frame under the related constraints; meanwhile, it establishes the corresponding mathematics optimization model. Also the solution algorithm and the corresponding simulation example are given. Thus, the emergency effectiveness and the economic efficiency have achieved the organic unification.

This paper narrates the meanings and the characteristics of synergic knowledge innovation in the supply chain firstly. Then two basic gaming in synergic knowledge innovation in the supply chain are discussed respectively and corresponding tactic of incentive mechanism are proposed. One gaming is in constructing knowledge repository, and the other gaming is "pick-up" in the procedure of knowledge innovation. By analyzing gaming of members' participation in building knowledge repository, the tactics for the design of incentive mechanism are put forward. And through analyzing evolutionary gaming of "pick-up" in the process of knowledge innovation, the tactics for the design of incentive mechanism to restrict members in the supply chain to "pick-up" in synergic knowledge innovation are advanced. In the end, the future research direction is discussed.

It is only an order quantity which is decided for a spot selling time in the previous supply chain contract with options. However, the effect of the lead-time on the supply chain is indispensable. This paper considers the options contract with the time-based parameters on the background of food supply chain in which the model analyze that the contract parameters and accuracy of forecasting demand is correlative with the lead-time. The method and procedure to find the optimal solution is presented and the conditions for realizing the coordination of the whole supply chain is given out. And the difference between the optimal profit of this model and the model without considering the lead-time is analyzed by a numeric example, the results of which show that it is necessary and beneficial to consider the lead-time in the model.

With the threat of global bioterrorism, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable system of emergency rescue supplies reserves and distribution, which can be benefit to form an effective emergency logistics network, to shorten the radius of emergency rescue. In the anti-bioterrorism system, a system of emergency service in a supply chain can be formed from the reserve and distribution of emergency rescue supplies, and it can be divided into replenishment source and non-replenishment source because of the geographical differences. The efficiency and cost of emergency rescue system have been discussed systematically in this paper, based on the analysis of the relationship between the amount of emergency rescue supplies reserves and the vaccination rate. Furthermore, the paper has proofed the influence of replenishment source on the service efficiency and cost of supply chain through numerical simulation.

In this paper, all-unit wholesale quantity discount policy (AWQD) is adopted to coordinate a complicated supply chain consisting of one provider, multiple third party logistics enterprises (3PLs), and multiple retailers located in many markets, under the normal market environment or the emergent events inducing the demand disruption. The results imply that AWQD also can coordinate the complex supply chain, but it is indispensable for coordination that 3PLs purchase products for the local market. Whatpsilas more, it has been demonstrated that the production plans have robustness. Finally, compared with several policies, it indicates the superiority of AWQD stated in the article.

A supply chain is two or more parties linked by a flow of goods, information, and funds. When one or more parties of the supply chain try to optimize their own profits, system performance may be hurt. In the standard newsvendor setting, both the returns policy and the sales rebate and penalty (SRP) are coordination contracts that provide incentives to all of the supply chain's members so that the decentralized supply chain behaves nearly or exactly the same as the integrated one. When demand is influenced by the retail price and retailer sales effort, each of the returns policy and the SRP contract no longer coordinates on its own. To solve this problem, we employ a new model combined the returns policy with the SRP contract. By analyzing we find that a properly designed returns policy with SRP achieves coordination and a win-win outcome.

To let the service pricing strategy of third party logistics corporations satisfy each supply chain partner's "participation constraints" and "incentive-compatibility constraints", consequently promote the formation of new alliance and guarantee its stability. Applying Stackelberg game, the transfers of cost structures and the changes of profit functions in two models: manufacturer implementing VMI services model and the third party logistics corporation implementing VMI services model, are analyzed respectively, and the service pricing strategy for third party logistics corporations implementing VMI is obtained. Results of the example show that: after putting related service pricing strategy in practice, the third party logistics corporations implementing VMI can increase total profits of the supply chain; and the changes of the productions' price elasticity in final consumption market have little effects on the service pricing decision-making The results are helpful to apply third party logistics and VMI mode widely in practice.

This paper studies the optimal decisions of a supply chain involving one supplier and one retailer with asymmetric information after the retailer's cost was disruption. We consider two scenarios: coordination mechanism under asymmetric information in a regular scenario and in an irregular scenario (with retailer's cost disruption). Our research shows that, it is optimal for the supply chain to keep the original coordination mechanism if the retailer's cost change is sufficiently small. Decisions must be remade if retailer's cost change is larger. We illustrate the results by numerical analysis.

Improving the efficiency of distribution in emergency logistics research, which would decrease disaster damage in the other side. A new composite weighted multi- objective optimal approach for distributing commodities was constructed in this paper, which feature in including penalty function in objective functions, as well as time and cost during the transshipment in urgent relief distribution centers were considered in constraints. Then, a simulation experiment analysis about a disaster such as earthquake occurred in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, was illustrated to indicate that the new model can be used by decision maker during an actually disaster relief efficiently.

Coordination is essential for improving supply-chain wide performance. In this paper, we focus on a two-stage supply chain consisting of one supplier and one retailer, between which the transaction quantity is sensitive to the inventory level offered by the supplier. The coordination between the two parties is achieved through revenue sharing and bargaining so that their respective profit is better than that resulted from a decentralized optimization. The two key parameters, namely the supplier's inventory quantity and the range of the revenue-sharing fraction are obtained, and numerical examples of the contracts for various scenarios are also given.