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A light trail in an optical WDM network is a unidirectional bus on a wavelength from a convener node to an end node. The main advantage of a light trail over a light path is that the communication channel of a light trail can be accessed by intermediate nodes providing more flexibility for traffic grooming. In general, energy consumption in an IP-over-WDM network is dominated by optical-electronic (OE) and electric-optical (EO) conversion operations and related router processing. This paper addresses the issue of minimizing energy consumption of OEO conversion operations in designing light trails for traffic grooming purpose in light-trail optical WDM networks. An effective heuristic algorithm is proposed for this problem.

As computer becomes popular and internet advances rapidly, information application systems are used extensively in organizations. Various information application systems such as attendance systems, accounting systems, and statistical systems have already replaced manual operations. In such a drastic change, the information security issue encountered by organizations becomes increasingly significant. This study adopts an attendance system of a governmental organization to explore the information security issue. The risk assessment of the attendance system mainly focuses on the assessments of confidentiality, integrity and availability. Weak points of the attendance system and threats to the outside are also included in the scope of consideration. This study adopts the ISO/IEC 27001 information security management system standard and ISO/IEC27005:2008 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security risk management to explore the risk assessment method of the attendance system and establish a set of fuzzy expert systems to measure the value at risk. In the meantime, a recommended acceptable value at risk is provided for facilitating and assisting decision makers through practical aspects and fuzzy expert systems and used as a reference for selecting an acceptable value at risk.

This research try to resolve how to integrate Security Certification with IT Education. We use Delphi methodology to determine the linkage between these two different training or education methodology to find out general need for the preparation of computer technology competencies of IT student for the Cloud Computing Era. The research consists three ro1unds of a Delphi survey and use electronic mail as the primary means of communication. Twenty experts from the field were nominated by cross reference and served on the Delphi panel. After seeking the finding, the conclusion comes out the Security skill is the most important competencies and the certification, what we though the most important thing that employer requested from employee take the 2nd place. This research provide a different thought for educators and help the IT students find another way to devote himself to the world.

In recent, the hybrid algorithm is one of the important approaches applied to classify medical datasets. In this paper, a new hybrid algorithm is proposed to classify medical datasets. In the proposed algorithm, scatter search is hybridized with support vector machine (SSHSVM). Furthermore, SSHSVM with feature selection (SSHSVMFS) is applied to boost classification accuracy and select significant features. Three medical datasets, colon, leukemia and lymphoma, were used to compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with other approaches. From experimental results, it shows that SSHSVMFS outperforms other existing approaches.