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In the recent years prosthetics became a constantly increasing area of research. The particularity of this scientific area is the combination of various fields of engineering and science. One of them, modelling and simulation can be useful in analysing and adapting designs for prostheses, in diagnosis as well as in therapy. This paper will give an insight in well-known and already used methods of modelling and simulation in this field. Furthermore an outlook will be given how these methods can be improved by combining biomechanical modelling with a system simulation approach. The combination of a biomechanical model, independent of the body part modelled, with a controller can be useful in the improvement and development of prostheses. This combined system will be considered as a dynamic system. This method should enable easier usage and modification of models in the field of prosthetics.

Many companies of different size and mission are, for economic and/or technical reasons, outsourcing clients of other companies, the outsourcing vendors. The clients do not develop information systems by themselves, so different types of outsourcing-with regard to intensity and strategic influence-are used. We examine the case of a government institution. The strategic influence of outsourcing is stressed throughout and the methods of risk prevention with improved communication of the outsourced client and vendor are described. Risk prevention is based upon the formal controllability of the outsourced projects. Formality is achieved by using, firstly, project management environments, which allow communication between parties, whereby it is not only a planning/tracing tool. Secondly, there are process and product assessment mechanisms. In both cases requirements management is stressed not only from the view of system/software requirements but also from the view of specific multidisciplinary knowledge gathering which influences the project in a dynamical manner.