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This article carried the statistical measurement on the situation of residents' income gap in our country, based on 6937 urban and rural residents' questionnaires from 31 provinces; and it made statistical analysis and evaluation on problems of residents' income gap moderation, such as: the basic judgment to residents' income gap moderation at this stage, the main reasons for the widening residents' income gap, endurance of the public residents to the widening income gap and satisfaction to the income distribution, the consequences caused by the aggravation of income distribution inequity, the relationship between fairness and efficiency at this stage and the main features of unfairness to rural residents, the main factors and risks affecting social stability and hindering economic efficiency, the policy focus on promoting fair distribution. The results show that: the residents' income gap of our country is large, the Gini coefficient has exceeded the warning line, the per capita income of households and the income gap is quite different because of the differences in urban and rural areas and regions, and the basic characteristics and human capital of the head of household; the residents' income gap at this stage is beyond a reasonable boundary; trading for money and power, rent-seeking and corruption; is the main reason for the widening of income gap; residents' affordability to the widening income gap is strong, but they are not satisfied with the state of the income distribution; the main possible consequence caused by the aggravation of income distribution inequity is the increase in the degree of social instability; the initial distribution and redistribution should handle the relationship between efficiency and equity, with particular emphasis on equity of redistribution; compared with urban residents, education, social security and public infrastructure are the main features of unfairness to rural residents; corrupt officials and big wealth gap are the main factors and risks affecting social stability and hindering the economic efficiency; ban illegal incomes, punish corruption is the most important measure of promoting fair distribution and narrowing the income gap. On this basis, this article puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations.