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26. Large-Scale Modeling and DR Control of Electric Water Heaters With Energy Star and CTA-2045 Control Types in Distribution Power Systems.

Author

Gong, Huangjie, Jones, Evan S., Jakaria, A H M, Huque, Aminul, Renjit, Ajit, and Ionel, Dan M.

Subjects
WATER heaters, BATTERY storage plants, ENERGY storage, ELECTRIC power
Abstract

This article proposes a generalized energy storage model for battery energy storage systems, electric water heaters (EWH), and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to enable demand response control complying to Energy Star and CTA-2045 standards. The demand response control has been implemented in the DER integration testbed, which was originally developed by Electric Power Research Institute, to demonstrate that the “energy content” and “energy take” for BESS and EWH with mixing valve technology are comparable for typical residential ratings. A distribution power system was modeled using the modified IEEE 123-bus feeder system, measured residential loads, and EWH power simulated based on realistic hot water draws from CBECC-Res software. The demand response control, which complies to CTA-2045 standards was implemented to the EWHs considering the energy take values. Results demonstrate that the EWHs can be controlled to postpone the peak power at the distribution system level and provide a large amount of energy storage, while maintaining system robustness. The impact on occupant comfort was also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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41. A Comparative Study of Yokeless and Segmented Armature Versus Single Sided Axial Flux PM Machine Topologies for Electric Traction.

Author

Taran, Narges, Klink, David, Heins, Greg, Rallabandi, Vandana, Patterson, Dean, and Ionel, Dan M.

Subjects
PERMANENT magnets, ARMATURES, ELECTRIC machines, ELECTRIC metal-cutting, COMPARATIVE studies, RACING automobiles
Abstract

This article systematically compares two axial flux permanent magnet machines designed for a university student racing car application: a double-rotor single-stator yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) structure, and a single-stator single-rotor configuration. Both machines are optimized for minimum loss and active weight using three-dimensional finite element analysis and the highest performing candidate designs are compared in more detail. The studies indicate that the benefits offered by the YASA configuration over the single-stator single-rotor machine are achieved only for specific designs that are heavier. For the design space with lower mass, albeit with increased losses, the Pareto front designs overlap. In this envelope, the YASA configuration demonstrates higher efficiencies at higher speeds, whilst the single-stator single-rotor is more efficient in high torque duty cycles. This shows the performance of the two machines is very similar and the choice is application specific. To validate the finite element analysis used in the optimization, a prototype was built and tested. Results showed good alignment between simulation and experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
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