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To reduce power consumption by light shutters, bistable light shutters using cholesteric liquid crystal have been proposed. However, these bistable light shutters, which utilize the scattering of the incident light, are switchable only between transparent and translucent states. In this work, we successfully demonstrate a bistable light shutter that is switchable between transparent and opaque states because it utilizes not only scattering, but also the absorption of the incident light. We hide the objects behind a display panel and provide black color by switching the light shutter that is positioned at the backside of a see-through display. We realized a good opaque state by optimization of the electrode structure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although the fringe-field-switching (FFS) mode based on a two-domain (2D) electrode structure has been widely used for wide viewing angle in a liquid crystal display (LCD), it still suffers from color shift and asymmetric luminance distribution at off-axis. We propose a four-domain (4D) electrode structure for wide viewing angle characteristics in an FFS LCD. We demonstrate that the use of the 4D electrode structure instead of the 2D-chevron structure can reduce the off-axis color difference from 0.038 to 0.010 at a low gray level and from 0.019 to 0.002 at a mid-gray level. Moreover, the off-axis gamma distortion is reduced from 0.159 to 0.007. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper proposes automatic power changeover switch system applied superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) of the Korea electric railway using 25 kV-AC Scott transformer. The electric railway needs neutral section to separate two different electrical power phase to m phase and t phase. While the train passes through the neutral section, the electrical power supply phase is changed over to other phase. And that time, the train must turn off the circuit breaker to avoid transient as ‘inrush-current’ and ‘arc’. These cause negative problems as speed decline of the train, a shorter life of the train circuit breaker. To improve the problems, the inrush current limitation method is proposed. In addition, we analysed the effect of proposed method using time-domain transient simulation software (PSCAD/ EMTDC). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]