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Emphasis in this paper is on the optimization of the short-term overproduction response of variable speed wind turbines for synthetic inertia provision or fast frequency control. The short-term overproduction response of wind turbines plays a crucial role in the enhancement of the resilience of future power systems with low inertia especially during large frequency disturbances. Novel optimization approaches employing the genetic algorithm are proposed to maximize the released energy from the wind turbine during its overproduction period considering the electrical and mechanical constraints. Based on the optimization results, the paper identifies and analyzes a set of relevant aspects to be taken into account by power system operators and wind turbine developers in the process of designing the synthetic inertia provision or the fast frequency control. Additionally, the impact of the short-term over production response on the wind turbine structural loading is analyzed through a set of aeroelastic simulations to further investigate aerodynamic limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With high penetration of distributed generation (DG), the conventional underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) faces many challenges and may not perform as expected. This paper proposes new UFLS schemes, which are designed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional load-shedding scheme. These schemes utilize directional relays, power flow through feeders, wind, and photovoltaic (PV) measurements to optimally select the feeders to be disconnected during load shedding such that DG disconnection is minimized while disconnecting the required amount of consumption. These different UFLS schemes are compared in terms of frequency response, amount of consumption, and DG disconnected during load shedding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining a close balance between power generation and demand is essential for sustaining the quality and reliability of a power system. Currently, due to increased renewable energy generation, frequency deviations and power fluctuations of greater concern are being introduced to the grid, particularly in regions that are weakly interconnected with their surrounding areas, such as small islands. This paper addresses the problem of frequency control in isolated power systems with relevant inclusion of wind power generation. With this aim, we have analyzed the contribution of the demand side to the primary frequency control together with an auxiliary frequency control, which is carried out by variable-speed wind turbines through an additional control loop that synthesizes virtual inertia. We have evaluated both the suitability of these two additional control actions counteracting frequency deviation and their potential reserves and compatibility. The results indicate a substantial improvement in both the dynamic performance and grid frequency stability. Simulations also indicate a decrease in the steady-state frequency error, which may relieve the secondary frequency control. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents an investigation on wind turbine (WT) contribution to the frequency control of noninterconnected island systems. The capability of WTs to participate in the primary frequency control and offer primary reserve is discussed. The investigation includes both transient frequency support (inertial response) and permanent frequency response (droop characteristic), as well as the combined application of these concepts. A quantitative analysis is presented for the expected benefits and drawbacks of each method, including the appropriate selection of their parameters. The power system of Rhodes Island has been selected as a study case, which includes different types of conventional generation and the three basic WT types, based on Active-Stall Induction Generator (ASIG), Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]