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Dictionary learning has been widely used in image representation under the framework of sparse theory. However, most of the current dictionary learning strategies can only be used for single-frame image separately, which are insufficient from the perspective of incremental information acquisition and global optimization for the sequential or multiframe satellite images. To this end, this article proposes an incremental dictionary learning method for multiframe satellite images representation in the spectral domain. The incremental dictionary learning is formulated analytically in the framework of sparse representation with low-rank constraint, as a frame-by-frame gradual optimization process of global and local dictionaries, and their corresponding sparse coefficients with the sequence. Specifically, the global dictionary representing the common spectral information of the sequential frames is optimized by two adjacent frames gradually. Meanwhile, the local dictionary representing the specific spectral information of each frame is optimized by the newly added frame itself. In addition, an activity ratio for separating the global dictionary from the local dictionaries, an outlier detection method for initializing the local dictionary are also given, and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) is employed to implement the above optimization. Comparison results with the related state-of-the-art methods on different datasets demonstrate that, our proposed method achieves the best representation performance in both spatial and spectral domains, and also helps to improve the performance of dictionary-based tasks using sequential satellite images, such as sea surface anomaly detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomalies in remote sensing images are generally reflected in two aspects of spatial and spectral ones, as for the anomaly detection of sea surface using multispectral or hyperspectral images, spectral information is more important. To this end, a novel spectral anomaly detection method based on dictionary optimization is proposed in this letter. More specifically, the normal scene is first defined to distinguish the anomaly. Then, without any assumption about the distribution of anomaly, a spectral dictionary is formulated and derived theoretically with optimization to express the normal scenes. Using the sparse and low-rank constraints, the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) is employed to solve the above optimization in the spectral domain. Finally, for a given sea-surface image to be detected, the error matrix that cannot be fully expressed by the optimized spectral dictionary is regarded as anomalies. It shows certain generality for various kinds of spectral anomalies on the sea surface. Taking multispectral images obtained by the HY-1C satellite as an example, comparisons with related state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that our proposed method achieves the best anomaly detection performance not only for oil-spill pollution but also for algae pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectral or spatial dictionary has been widely used in fusing low-spatial-resolution hyperspectral (LH) images and high-spatial-resolution multispectral (HM) images. However, only using spectral dictionary is insufficient for preserving spatial information, and vice versa. To address this problem, a new LH and HM image fusion method termed OTD using optimized twin dictionaries is proposed in this paper. The fusion problem of OTD is formulated analytically in the framework of sparse representation, as an optimization of twin spectral-spatial dictionaries and their corresponding sparse coefficients. More specifically, the spectral dictionary representing the generalized spectrums and its spectral sparse coefficients are optimized by utilizing the observed LH and HM images in the spectral domain; and the spatial dictionary representing the spatial information and its spatial sparse coefficients are optimized by modeling the rest of high-frequency information in the spatial domain. In addition, without non-negative constraints, the alternating direction methods of multipliers (ADMM) are employed to implement the above optimization process. Comparison results with the related state-of-the-art fusion methods on various datasets demonstrate that our proposed OTD method achieves a better fusion performance in both spatial and spectral domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-spatial hyperspectral (HH) image reconstruction using both high-spatial multispectral (HM) image and low-spatial hyperspectral (LH) image over the same scene is widely used in many real applications. Nevertheless, the pair of HM image and LH image over the same scene is hard to obtain. To solve this problem, a new HH image reconstruction method using spectral library-based dictionary learning (named as HIRSL) is proposed in this paper, only from one HM image. The above reconstruction problem is formulated in the framework of sparse representation, as an estimation of the band matching matrix, the spectral dictionary, and the sparse coefficients. More specifically, a band matching method is proposed for mapping the common spectral library to a specific spectral library corresponding to the reconstructed HH image in spectral domain. Then, an efficient spectral dictionary learning method is proposed for the construction of spectral dictionary using the matched specific spectral library, which avoids the dependence of the LH image over the same scene. Finally, the sparse coefficients of the HM image with respect to the learned spectral dictionary are estimated using the alternating direction method of multipliers without nonnegative constraint. Comparison results on simulated and real data sets with the relative state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that even only using one HM image, our proposed method achieves a comparable reconstruction quality of high-spatial hyperspectral image both in spatial and spectral domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]