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Intrachannel four-wave mixing (IFWM) represents main source of impairments in fiber transmission at 40 Gb/s. A number of phase modulation techniques have been proposed to suppress the IFWM. In this paper, we study a cost-effective way of increasing the nonlinear tolerance of a 40-Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing transmission system by asynchronous phase modulation (APM). This can be achieved with one phase modulator placed after the wavelength multiplexer so that cost is shared by all channels. We show, by means of numerical simulations and laboratory experiments, that APM greatly improves the performance of ON-OFF-keying transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, an efficient single Mach-Zender modulator (MZM) implementation of alternate-phase return to zero (APRZ), which combines carrier-suppressed return to zero (CSRZ)'s ease of implementation with APRZ's nonlinear tolerance, is analyzed. In particular, the first numerical study of 67%-duty-cycle single-MZM APRZ over a 40-Gb/s 5 × 100-km link, in terms of nonlinear, dispersion, and filtering tolerance, comparing it with 33% RZ, 33% APRZ, and standard 67% CSRZ, is presented. The results show that APRZ with phase shift close to π/2 is the optimum choice, independent of specific transmitter implementation. A new mechanism is also discovered, based on the interference of ghost pulses with the original pulse train, which improves the nonlinear tolerance of CSRZ in a 40-Gb/s transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The authors propose a modulation format in which the phase of the signal pulses alternates, in order to reduce the intrachannel four-wave mixing. They demonstrate numerically that the performance of a 40-Gb/s transmission link can be substantially improved. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A scalable and reliable architecture for both a wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network and a hybrid wavelength and time division multiplexing passive optical network with self-healing capability is presented and evaluated. Our protection scheme is compatible with a cascaded arrayed waveguide grating that can accommodate an ultra-large number of end users. A simple interconnection pattern between two adjacent optical network units (ONUs) is applied in order to provide protection for distributed fibers between a remote node and the ONUs. Therefore, the investment cost on a per-user basis can be significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the performance evaluation shows that our approach can achieve high connection availability while maintaining the support of long reach and high splitting ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]