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We demonstrate nano-scale 3-dimensional chemical imaging by extreme ultraviolet laser with 75 nm lateral, 20 nm depth resolution, and 0.01 aM sensitivity. 3D composition images of a single micro-organisms were obtained.

Soft x-ray laser interferometry and hydrodynamic simulations were used to study the increase in collimation of laboratory plasma jets created with low energy (⇐ 1 J) short laser pulses irradiating target of varying atomic number.

A set of gates and registers was fabricated on a submicron CMOS process using radiation hardening by design techniques. The circuits were irradiated in a TANDEM accelerator with 10 MeV protons on three different doses. Off-line characterization of devices was carried out. Measurements showed minimum shifts on the electrical parameters of transistors. Noise margins and gain of combinational logic gates were unchanged and no increase on leakage current was observed. This work suggests that considerable tolerance to this kind of radiation damage can be reached when accurate design techniques are used together with modern integrated circuits technologies.

Summary form only given, as follows. We describe precision interferometric characterization experiments using the picosecond, 14.7 nm x-ray laser source generated on the Compact Multipulse Terawatt (COMET) laser facility together with the Mach-Zehnder type diffraction grating interferometer. A review of the results from dense, mm-scale line focus plasma experiments will be described with detailed comparisons to 1-, 1.5- and 2-D hydrodynamic simulations. Ongoing experiments on smaller spot focus high intensity plasmas will be discussed.

We summarize the development status of milliwatt average power tabletop soft X-ray lasers based on fast capillary discharges with essentially full spatial coherence, and give examples of their use in dense plasma interferometry, soft X-ray reflectometry, laser ablation, and plasma generation.

We report progress in soft X-ray interferometry of dense plasmas using a very compact 46.9 nm discharge-pumped laser. Soft X-ray interferograms of /spl sim/300 /spl mu/m dimension plasmas generated by /spl sim/0.6 J pulses from a Nd:YAG laser focused into a

Summary form only given. For many years researchers have envisioned the development of compact high repetition rate soft lasers with high spatial coherence that be routinely used in numerous applications. With demonstrated average powers of several mW and millijoule-level pulse energy at 46.9 nm the Ne-like Ar capillary discharge-pumped laser is the first compact laser to reach this goal. We summarize the development status of tabletop soft X-ray lasers based on capillary discharge excitation, and give examples of their successful use in dense plasma interferometry, soft X-ray reflectometry for the determination of optical constants, characterization of diffraction gratings, laser ablation of materials, and plasma generation. Lasing at 52.9 nm line in Ne-like Cl, and the prospects for lasing at shorter wavelengths are also discussed.

Summary form only given. The development of gain-saturated soft X-ray lasers has opened the possibility to extend laser interferometry to large-scale high-density plasmas that can not be probed with optical lasers. The recent advent of gain-saturated tabletop soft X-ray lasers creates the opportunity of developing portable soft X-ray tools that will allow detailed maps of the electron density evolution in a great variety of very dense plasmas. Recently, our group has demonstrated plasma interferometry combining a 46.9-nm capillary discharge tabletop laser with a wavefront-division interferometer based on Lloyd's mirror. The Lloyd's mirror has the advantage of constituting the simplest possible soft X-ray interferometer.