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To improve the networking flexibility in the metropolitan and access area, the granularity in the optical domain has to be increased above that in the core network requiring more channels at lower bit rates. Pure dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) as it is applied in the core does not seem to meet this requirement at affordable cost. We propose and analyze a network based on hybrid optical multiplexing techniques including wavelength, code, and time division multiplexing. Applied to optical packet transmission this approach enables several 100 all-optical channel between end users and headend with average bit rates up to 100 Mb/s per channel while keeping the installation and maintenance cost at a minimum [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A reduced model to describe self-phase modulation (SPM)-limited fiber transmission in dispersion-managed lightwave systems is presented. By introducing a new figure of merit, the maximum transmission distance versus optical power can be determined without any numerical simulation. Together with simplified models for other nonlinear fiber effects, a useful set of design rules for a first-order performance estimation of wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) systems is established [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In transparent networks, fiber cuts can generate severe penalties: Sudden disappearing of channels in one lightpath may affect channels on joint lightpaths and even channels in disjoint lightpaths. We propose a simple and cost-effective scheme that is able to fully suppress these power transients in a realistic network environment. Using the symmetric counter-propagating wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) signals, the missing channels can be effectively replaced. In the experiments, we obtained a very short replacement time, complete suppression of any power transient, and full recovery of system penalty in joint and disjoint lightpaths. The scheme was found to be also robust to power unbalance and spectral difference between the missing and replacement WDM signals. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]