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We report a photonic approach to achieve simultaneous radio frequency (RF) self-interference cancellation (SIC) and frequency downconversion with immunity to power fading based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) for an in-band full-duplex (IBFD) radio-over-fiber (ROF) system. A dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator (DDMZM) in a polarization-division multiplexing Mach–Zehnder modulator (PDM-MZM) is used to cancel the RF self-interference (SI) signal and generate optical carrier-suppressed double sidebands (CS-DSBs) of the signal of interest (SOI). Meanwhile, another DDMZM in the PDM-MZM is used to construct an OEO loop to generate optical CS-DSBs of the local oscillation (LO) signal. After detection at a photodetector (PD), a frequency downconverted signal is recovered with the RF self-interference cancellation (SIC). The proposed scheme can directly cancel the RF SI signal in the optical domain, meaning that it can overcome the limitation of SIC in the electrical domain. With the phase compensation introduced by a polarization controller, the desired signal is unaffected by the power fading over fiber transmission, which is significant for IBFD ROF systems. In addition, instead of an external microwave source, an OEO loop is used to generate an LO signal with a high spectral purity, which is very promising for integrated microwave photonics systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]