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The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447063 This paper describes the goals, approaches, initial results, and preliminary implementation of WRT-1006, a multiphase research task within the Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC). Evidence across the Services and industry has affirmed digital engineering is a critical practice necessary to support acquisition in an environment of increasing global challenges, dynamic threats, rapidly evolving technologies, and increasing life expectancy of our systems currently in operation. Digital engineering updates the systems engineering practices to take full advantage of computational technology, modeling, data analytics, and data sciences. The Department of Defense's vision for digital engineering is to modernize how the Department designs, develops, delivers, operates, and sustains systems, while continuing to practice systems engineering efficiently and effectively. Digital transformation is fundamentally changing the way acquisition and engineering are performed across a wide range of government agencies, industries, and academia. As the Department of Defense (DoD) transitions to digital engineering, there is a need to develop and maintain an acquisition workforce and culture that is literate in model-based engineering, competent in digital engineering models, methods, processes, tools, and understands digital artifacts across the acquisition lifecycle. One of the critical steps that was identified to enable this digital transformation is the development of a competency model that can be used to modernize the workforce. This paper outlines the results after completion of Phase 1 of WRT-1006, which concluded in the initial release of the Digital Engineering Competency Framework (DECF) by SERC, and the initial Phase 2 efforts of implementing the framework as a benchmark for the content of a digital engineering training curriculum. The purpose of the DECF is to provide clear guidance for the DoD acquisition workforce, in particular the engineering acquisition workforce, through clearly defined competencies that illuminate the knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors required for digital engineering professionals. The approach taken to develop the DECF drew from existing competency models in fields neighboring digital engineering and from the feedback of experienced practicing digital engineering community. The initial version of the DECF v.1.0 was released as a key WRT1006 Phase 1 result with confidence in the maturity of the structure and general content. The overarching structure of the DECF v.1.0 consists of competency areas, proficiency levels within the competency, and constituting knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors (KSABs). Now that this benchmark is established, the second phase of our project involves the comparison of the DECF to the existing Defense Acquisition University (DAU) curriculum to determine what elements of such existing curriculum already support the competencies in the model. This is a bidirectional analysis that will both identify gaps in the training curriculum and potentially identify curriculum content that should be incorporated into the competency model. Although this project is specifically applying the DECF to the acquisition process, the model has applications in any area that will implement Digital Engineering initiatives. Furthermore, this framework has additional use cases that will be explored further including hiring for Digital Engineering positions and ensuring the current work force has the necessary skillsets to adequately implement a digital transformation. U.S. Department of Defense through the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (ASD(R&E)) under Contract [HQ0034-19-D-0003

The vision of achieving digital engineering in the US Department of Defense has instigated work on defining the information content and structure of the system model. However, few seem to have asked what are the requirements for the system model? In this paper, we use a requirements process to elicit and define the requirements for the system model. The system model is a digital artifact containing descriptions of all the essential objects, their properties, and the relationships between them for the system-of-interest (SoI). The paper describes the context of the system model in relationships to the other components of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) consisting of a modeling language, schema, model-based process, presentation framework, MBSE tools, and knowledgeable workforce. The paper describes how these components interact to provide effective MBSE. Requirements are stated for each component. The paper additionally derives information requirements for the system model according to the systems engineering process’s information needs by examining the inputs and outputs of each activity in the systems engineering process. Lastly, the paper derives the quality characteristics for the system model from the literature on ontologies, modeling languages, and semiotics. The result is a set of requirements for the system model to support MBSE and the digital thread.

This paper presents the emergence of VR/MR/XR/AR technology to augment the documentation and publication of archeological historical sites by faculty and students at Utah Valley University, Orem, USA. It presents the methodologies use to create virtual tours of the archeological site Beit Lehi in Israel and outlines the methodology to create 3D digitization of artifacts from this secure site. The paper outlines the use of virtual 360° photography and 360° videography by UVU faculty and students to produce digital artifacts to document the discoveries at the archeological site. Additionally, this paper outlines the nature of the constantly changing VR/MR/XR/AR platform and technologies.

Emerging with highlight features as a global phenomenon, TikTok - the international version of Douyin application in China market, is a social media video app for creating and sharing short lip-syncing. This social video platform has seen astounding growth by reaching 1.5 billion users in 2019 by capturing the cultural zeitgeist among teenage smartphone owners in unprecedented fashion. However, criminals have been paid attention to this platform where young users become the target of abusers or predators. In this paper, we introduce the forensic analysis of the artifacts left on Android phones by TikTok application. In more detail, we indicate a complete description of all the artifacts obtained in TikTok. Furthermore, by using the results discussed in the paper, an investigator can rebuild the list of followers, searching keywords, favorites, messages that have been exchanged by users. It is helpful to examine and determine which artifacts could be considered as evidence for criminal investigation on popular social networking application.

This paper describes the goals, methods, approaches, and preliminary results of a research task within the Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC). Evidence across the Services and industry has affirmed digital engineering is a critical practice necessary to support acquisition in an environment of increasing global challenges, dynamic threats, rapidly evolving technologies, and increasing life expectancy of our systems currently in operation. Digital engineering updates the systems engineering practices to take full advantage of computational technology, modeling, data analytics, and data sciences. The Department of Defense’s vision for digital engineering is to modernize how the Department designs, develops, delivers, operates, and sustains systems, while continuing to practice systems engineering efficiently and effectively. Digital transformation is fundamentally changing the way acquisition and engineering are performed across a wide range of government agencies, industries, and academia. As the Department of Defense transitions to digital engineering, there is a need to develop and maintain an acquisition workforce and culture that is literate in model-based engineering, competent in digital engineering models, methods, tools, and understands digital artifacts across the acquisition lifecycle.This paper outlines the development of the Digital Engineering Competency Framework by the Systems Engineering Research Center. The purpose of the Digital Engineering Competency Framework is to provide clear guidance for the Department of Defense acquisition workforce, in particular the engineering acquisition workforce, through clearly defined competencies that illuminate the knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors required for digital engineering professionals. The approach taken to develop the Digital Engineering Competency Framework draws from existing competency models discovered during a literature search and from the practicing Digital Engineering community. The development process for the Digital Engineering Competency Framework relied initially on literature findings to develop a draft model that was reviewed by subject matter experts through a series of workshops. No existing competency models focused on digital engineering (or model-based systems engineering or model-based engineering) were found during the literature review. However, several related competency models were identified, and these informed the initial draft model. At appropriate points, the draft model(s) were assessed through community presentations and industry review and appropriate revisions were made.The Digital Engineering Competency Framework has currently completed several iterations of subject matter expert review and revisions and is approaching a finalized general structure. The overarching structure of the DECF will consist of competency areas, proficiency levels within the competency, and constituting knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors. The specific knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors that will be associated with each competency area are the primary elements still changing in current iterations. Once the model is finalized, it will be compared with the existing Defense Acquisition University curriculum to determine what elements of such existing curriculum already support these competencies. Gaps will be noted, and training recommendations will be developed. As with the development of the model itself, this will be an iterative process. Another critical use case for the Digital Engineering Competency Framework is to enable hiring for Digital Engineering Positions, given Competency models and frameworks are used by hiring managers to ensure that individuals have the required and appropriate skillsets to adequately perform their jobs.

This paper proposes a system capable of branding digital device components based on the EM signals typically emitted during their normal operational cycles. Such signals contain digital artifacts that are unique, which may act as an identifier of a particular device component e.g., its CPU, or the entire device if one chooses to take into account a combination of multiple such components. In real-life scenarios, this “bio-metrical” fingerprinting of hardware has to be conducted only once, possibly as part of an initial device configuration process with minimum additional maintenance time and cost, by the network administrators. At a subsequent stage, devices can get “authenticated” by comparing their newly emitted signals against the preexisting database during routine checks. The experimental results attest that the proposed approach can effectively protect a network against unrecognized potentially rogue devices posing as benign or malicious substitutions of hardware components at the chip level with near-perfect accuracy. One may view the proposed system as a technical solution to verify the trustworthiness of digital parts as well as the actors involved in certain stages of the supply chain.

Mobile devices have become an essential part of our life. These devices are a platform for social media and chat apps that are often designed to assist us retain our connection with old and new online friends. However, regardless of their valuable social influence, these apps are a medium in which criminals and perpetrators can exploit to attack innocent people. Nevertheless, these apps can provide a wealth of digital artifacts for law enforcement agencies. Often, well-established digital forensic techniques are used to determine criminal cases in the court of law. Therefore, this paper presents a post-mortem memory forensics and digital investigations for the popular instant messaging application named Kik Messenger. Kik is designed to assist users to connect quickly and easily with the world around them. Statistics such as the number of installations and active users underlines its importance. Moreover, the Android operating system and its internal memory, including RAM and NAND flash memory are examined. This paper presents our investigation methodology that employs memory dumps for both NAND flash memory as well as the heap memory. Our results of forensic analysis show promising existences for the sent and received messages and contacts in both types of memory dumps; these incidences are valuable to the digital investigator. Various scenarios are studied, experimentation results show that sent and received messages and contact artifacts can be found in both memories even after the chat session is deleted, messages are individually deleted, contacts are deleted, app is closed, and even after the phone is locked.

We consider the possibility of detecting malicious behaviors of the advanced persistent threat (APT) at endpoints during incident response or forensics investigations. Specifically, we study the case where third-party sensors are not available; our observables are obtained solely from inherent digital artifacts of Windows operating systems. What is of particular interest is an artifact called the Application Compatibility Cache (Shimcache). As it is not apparent from the Shimcache when a file has been executed, we propose an algorithm of estimating the time of file execution up to an interval. We also show guarantees of the proposed algorithm’s performance and various possible extensions that can improve the estimation. Finally, combining this approach with methods of machine learning, as well as information from other digital artifacts, we design a prototype system called XTEC and demonstrate that it can help hunt for the APT in a real-world case study.

The era of information technology has, unfortunately, contributed to the tremendous rise in the number of criminal activities. However, digital artifacts can be utilized in convicting cybercriminal and exposing their activities. The digital forensics science concerns about all aspects related to cybercrimes. It seeks digital evidence by following standard methodologies to be admitted in court rooms. This paper concerns about memory forensics for the unique artifacts it holds. Memory contains information about the current state of systems and applications. Moreover, an application's data explains how a criminal has been interacting the application just before the memory is acquired. Memory forensics at the application level is currently random and cumbersome. Targeting specific applications is what forensic researchers and practitioner are currently striving to provide. This paper suggests a general solution to investigate any application. Our solution aims to utilize an application's data structures and variables' information in the investigation process. This is because an application's data has to be stored and retrieved in the means of variables. Data structures and variables' information can be generated by compilers for debugging purposes. We show that an application's information is a valuable resource to the investigator.

Technologies for development have great potential in accelerating the socio-economic progress of disadvantaged communities. But these technologies are usually developed by people removed from the daily realities of fieldwork. This paper explores the need and the possibilities of educating rural populations and social workers on the use of technology to create their own digital artifacts. We discuss two workshops, one for villagers in the state of Telangana and the second one for graduate students of a university social work department exploring the use of MIT's Scratch software as a tool for assisting in social interventions. We also discuss the results of an acceptability study among the social work students to gauge the potential for such a tool to be used in the field.

Cyber forensics is challenging due to the lack of defined holistic features with a ground truth identity core, and scalable systematic methods to credibly link a person's physical and cyber attributes in a complex networked environment. Cybercrime continues to grow as humans conduct more online activities that generate sensitive data while connected to anyone around the world. In this work, we propose a new classification-based ontology and computational framework for resolving an identity based on cyber activities. Our ontology and framework extend legal case situational theory research to temporally map cyber and physical categorical traits. Initial experimentation based on real-world legal cases reveals contextual salient traits that are most effective in linking evidence to a person's profile or unique identity. As a result, these multi-dimensional traits support innovative visualizations that depict a person's linkable identity core, digital artifacts, security, and technology. The impact of our ontology and framework design is to support solving cybercrime by aiding in identity resolution.

We are living more of our lives situated within online networks and communities where digital artifacts can be collected and processed to showcase individual and group behavior representations. Growing data bandwidth coupled with amplified computational resources are aligning to allow for analysis of human behaviors at unprecedented scales. The proper data generation, collection, storage and analysis techniques are mostly untaught in the undergraduate experience. Pedagogical research shows that project based learning encourages and supports design thinking and collaborative work; skills that are important to practitioners in data science centric industries. To address these academic needs, we develop the Evergreen Learning Platform (EvergreenLP). EvergreenLP is an interdisciplinary project based learning framework that leverages pedagogy rooted in Critical Media Literacy. Students take advantage of design-learning principles on the front-end and computational discipline standards on the back end. Students are engaged in the design, development and use of this platform while simultaneously contributing data content on the chosen social media platform. Our data analysis and visualization environment allows the student coders and non-coders to explore data science principles in context of a current event or topic trending on twitter. In this paper, we experimentally assess and present the benefits of introducing culturally relevant data techniques to African-American female students in an interdisciplinary seminar on #BlackGirlMagic (#BGM).

To study the adaptive anti-forensic approach for optimization of digital images comprises of the various quantization and compression techniques. The technology and the changing methods of capturing digital images and the methodologies used are very powerful to identify the forgery in the image processing. As every new leap in the technology brings along positive and negative responses, similar way the technological changes in the field of image processing has led to forgery of digital images. The advancement in the techniques of digital image is used for processing millions of images those are captured every second.

Teachers, tutors and students detect common problems in virtual learning environments, such as: digital artifact reuse capacity, interactivity, adaptability, interoperability and usability of environments. In this sense, interventions to direct a gain of experience in a teaching-learning process are necessary, since much of the available solutions are developed without considering the real needs of these people. They stand out as impediments and main barriers for educators to the insufficiency of mastery of technological resources and familiarity with these environments. The purpose of this work is to propose a conceptual model based on information systems capable of integrating learning environments, supported by the design of ubiquitous learning experiences, which may or may not have low technological instructions, in the production of learning experiences design. The featured environment should ensure aspects of interoperability, resource reuse, collaboration, and support metadata standards, ontologies, and specifications standards for educational materials.

Digital devices are ubiquitous in modern society. Every action on a digital device, whether initiated by a user, an application, the operating system, or hardware, leaves behind evidence of the activity in the form of digital artifacts such as files, memory content, and network traffic. Such artifacts are used by digital forensics investigators to reconstruct past activity, and by criminals seeking to harvest private or sensitive information. The persistence of an artifact over time directly affects its ability to be recovered at a later date, yet a rigorous, comprehensive theory of digital artifact persistence does not exist. This research proposes and demonstrates a method to facilitate the studies necessary to develop such a theory. We implemented a differential analysis approach in which sequential digital media images are analyzed for deleted file persistence. The contents of files deleted between the first two images are tracked in the remaining images. This data forms a decay curve for each file over time and activity. Since we also have access to system and storage media properties, deleted file properties, and the details of actions taken between images, we can begin to form testable hypotheses about the factors affecting deleted file persistence. We have implemented prototype software to conduct this analysis, and we demonstrate the method on images generated in a controlled environment as well as on a series of realistic system images.

The task of generating network-based evidence to support network forensic investigation is becoming increasingly prominent. Undoubtedly, such evidence is significantly imperative as it not only can be used to diagnose and respond to various network-related issues (i.e., performance bottlenecks, routing issues, etc.) but more importantly, can be leveraged to infer and further investigate network security intrusions and infections. In this context, this paper proposes a proactive approach that aims at generating accurate and actionable network-based evidence related to groups of compromised network machines. The approach is envisioned to guide investigators to promptly pinpoint such malicious groups for possible immediate mitigation as well as empowering network and digital forensic specialists to further examine those machines using auxiliary collected data or extracted digital artifacts. On one hand, the promptness of the approach is successfully achieved by monitoring and correlating perceived probing activities, which are typically the very first signs of an infection or misdemeanors. On the other hand, the generated evidence is accurate as it is based on an anomaly inference that fuses big data behavioral analytics in conjunction with formal graph theoretical concepts. We evaluate the proposed approach as a global capability in a security operations center. The empirical evaluations, which employ 80 GB of real darknet traffic, indeed demonstrates the accuracy, effectiveness and simplicity of the generated network-based evidence.

As the amount of crimes involving the digital dimension grows, an ever increasing number of digital artifacts collected from a forensic investigation needs plenty of resources to process in a forensically sound manner. Digital forensic triage provides a way to deal with this scalability problem, as it is tailored to maximize the utilization of resources based on a priority system. Unfortunately, the paucity of definite solutions limits efforts to triage implementation. In this article, we propose a Dual-Triage Digital Forensic Process Model, termed DTDFPM, which increases the effectiveness and efficiency of examinations. The DTDFPM simultaneously enjoys the following properties: i) background information is utilized to prioritize cases and specific features are determined which media contain information relevant to the investigation, ii) a Priority Sorting with Artificial Neuron algorithm (PSAN) is designed, which is the first application of neural network to sorting solution in digital triage, iii) efficient integration, the proposed model implemented based on the Python programming language can be easy to integrate into existing forensic tools. Thoroughly theoretical analysis and performance evaluation indicate the advantage of our proposed process model.

Information Visualization (InfoVis) often supports the analysis of structured data that is organized in documents with specific formats such as databases, Excel tables, or comma-separated files. Informal analyses that take place without anticipation and away from the desktop, however, might involve the use of data contained in digital artifacts that lack this structure (e.g., photographs, bitmaps, web pages). Such artifacts cannot provide immediate input for most existing visualization systems, as the data they contain does not exist as a set of variables with associated values. This research seeks to explore new opportunities in the design and implementation spaces of InfoVis authoring tools to support visualization in opportunistic scenarios. This document briefly defines the Opportunistic Visualization (OpportuVis) domain and describes iVoLVER, a research prototype that supports the construction of interactive visuals from non-traditional data sources. Future stages of this endeavor include the evaluation of iVoLVER from two perspectives: its analytical support and its usability features.

Though the process of qualitative analytical research, historical analysis is applied to evaluate the degree to which public K-12 school districts in Central New York are transparently reporting information regarding their educational technology and whether this process of communication aligns with a literature-based framework for educational technology life-cycle efficacy. Through digital artifact analysis of 10 educational school districts, which account for roughly 52,000 students and annual budget allocations of $840 million, the authors conclude that this sample of school districts were not transparently communicating information pertaining to educational technology and their life-cycle efficacy was not being communicated in accordance with best-practices acknowledged in relevant literature.

Advances in radio and RADAR research have considerably contributed to the emergence of novel air traffic control (ATC) protocols. In particular, Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) has proven to be a viable option that could complement and extend current technologies. Despite the benefits offered by ADS-B, such as more precise location, easier deployment, and lower costs, cyber-security issues have arisen due to the open, clear-text broadcasting of ADS-B messages making it vulnerable to many attacks. In this paper, we propose an intrusion detection system (IDS) specifically designed to detect malicious or questionable ADS-B messages. We leverage prior work on cyber-defense mechanisms against ADS-B attacks and physical aspects of aircraft motion to classify received ADS-B traffic as potential attacks and retain digital artifacts that might support post-attack forensic investigations.

Although Augmented Reality use in rapid prototyping of digital artifacts is already a reality, its usage in the design of physical artifacts did not reach its full potential and faces an important competitor with the diffusion of 3D printing. This work presents and applies a detailed method to understand and compare the applicability of Augmented Reality and physical prototypes (3D printed) during product's project design. The proposed method was developed based on user's perspective and it was simulated with the development of an alarm clock radio, using expert and non-expert users in the field. Based on the experiments and their analysis, this research discusses the many qualities and drawbacks from Augmented Reality and 3D printing, exposing and validating different aspects of these tools for rapid prototyping.

The purpose of this research is to examine the quality of knowledge creation and the formation of social networks in an online discussion forum for an introductory technology teacher education course. The focus of the study is tri-fold and structured around the core areas of technology education. First, the study aims to examine the quality of knowledge creation in an online discussion forum where learners build knowledge around core areas of technology areas Second, the study seeks to examine the state of social network as learners engage in shared creation of knowledge and advancement of digital artifacts such as images and videos. Third, the study seeks to identify interaction patterns across levels of knowledge creation and illuminate the types of social dynamics that are likely to promote knowledge advancement. At the time of this submission, data collection has just been concluded and the planned coding and social network analysis has yet to begin. Descriptive statistics is derived as part of the preliminary analysis process and reveals the intensity of participation in the discussion forums. Preliminary findings suggest students are afforded opportunities to participate in an artifact-rich environment that promotes engagement with one another and sharing of digital artifacts. This research effort can be a helpful source of information to STEM educators who seek to support and assess knowledge creation in online learning environments. Future work for this work-in-progress include content analysis of discussion messages and social network analysis of interactions in the forums.

Cyber forensics deals with the collection of digital artifacts from digital devices that can be presented in the court as evidence. There are many areas of cyber forensics. Some of these are Disk Forensics, Network Forensics, Mobile Forensics, Database Forensics, etc. This paper mainly focuses on E-mail Forensics coming under network forensics. Emails are highly vulnerable to attacks. Email spoofing is the major one among many forms of email-based attacks. Detecting email spoofing is an important challenge in email forensic investigation. In this paper, different methods to detect spoofing by analyzing the mail header are discussed.

Data provenance is the lineage of a digital artifact or object. Its capture in workflow-controlled distributed applications is well studied but less is known about quality of provenance captured solely through existing control infrastructures (i.e., middleware frameworks used for high throughput computing). We study completeness of provenance in case where information is only available from the middleware layer. We use WorkQueue to validate our model. Our evaluation shows that provenance captured from a middleware framework is sufficient to represent the existence of output data and trace certain failures independent of the application semantics. We show the method's limitations as well.

This paper presents i-m-Cave, a multitouch tabletop system for virtually touring the Mogao Caves. To recreate the experience of such a tour, a field study was conducted, and identified two key design considerations - exploration and restoration. For exploration, an innovative tangible figurine that can perform human-like neck extension/flexion is developed, and users can control the figurine to freely visit every corner of the virtual caves. Furthermore, users can view authorized animations to better understand the story behind important artifacts. With respect to restoration, users can restore digital artifacts and observe the rejuvenation and aging of artifacts with midair hand gestures and mobile devices, as if the users were shuttling back and forth between the present and the past. The i-m-Cave system presents the relationships between presently damaged artifacts and their virtually restored versions, which cannot be experienced in a real tour. Finally, the system was evaluated by interviewing experts. User feedback was positive, indicating the value of the system and its design.

A critical part of many computer forensic investigations requires developing a unified timeline of activity from the timestamps of the artifacts involved, often involving digital artifacts from across multiple heterogeneous sources of evidence. However, generating such a timeline comes with its own set of challenges, especially if the provenance of the timestamps is not accurately recorded and tracked during an investigation. When sufficient provenance information is not recorded, it can result in inconsistent or ambiguous timelines. In this paper, we propose the Provenance Information Model to address challenges related to timestamp interpretation across multiple time zones and present a provenance structure to accurately capture time zone information and validate time related assertions during analysis. We have developed a prototype implementation of the model, the UniTIME digital time-lining tool, which generates a unified timeline of events derived from across multiple sources. Our tool adjusts the timestamps obtained from multiple heterogeneous evidence sources using the provenance information to generate a unified timeline. We have validated our model and its prototype implementation using the dataset associated with the DFRWS 2008 challenge which included multiple heterogeneous sources of digital evidence with inherent timestamp interpretation challenges. Results have shown that the model is robust with respect to different time zones and varied timestamp representations. Additionally, the assertions recorded when using our PIM can be useful in identifying inconsistencies across artifacts during forensic analysis and digital time-lining. Keywords— Digital Artifact, Provenance Information Model, Timestamp interpretation, Unified Timeline

Summary form only given. Building Information Modeling (BIM) for new museum building design has been in use since the past decade. It allows architects, engineers and consultants to digitally co-design structures and exhibit spaces needed for museum collections. This process leads to a complete digitization of the physical museum, creating a parametric model that opens up a possibility for future integration with the museum's and community's digital artifacts. Museums are also currently in the process of exploring participatory digital strategies with their user communities and engage them in collection, digitization and archival processes. A new element in the participation by visitors and community would be to engage them digitally with the museum's building model and its physical space. Can BIM, community's and visitors' historic digital collections be integrated to create a shared and collaborative museum digital ecosystem? How will this digital building model of a historic museum space serve as a parametric platform for the digital artifacts of the participating community? Could a museum exhibit the community's digital artifacts via 3d Projection Mapping using the BIM model of the interior of the museum? By this, visitors and community could then insert their own historic collections into the museum, exhibit them through AV projections and thus transform the museum space as a stage for the display of the community's collections. Along these lines, this paper investigates various digital and participatory methods to engage user communities with museum buildings. It also explores inherent challenges towards an integrated museum model, and raises questions of sustainability that come along with it.

Designing and developing digital technological systems and their interactive interfaces as better companion with hominine characteristics is an active research hot-spot. Exploring the domain of facilitating machines with affective and cognitive intelligence and understanding the users is increasingly attracting the interest of researchers who are working in the field of humancomputer interaction. If the interactive interfaces of digital system are enriched with human-like characteristics and such systems have an understanding of user's affective state (personality, mood and emotions) along with the ability to respond accordingly during interaction then definitely these intelligent hominine interfaces will be more natural, enjoyable, friendly and believable. The key challenge is to determine most appropriate techniques and models for generating these futuristic harmonious intelligent affective interfaces and services which may be quite different from their present GUI counterparts. This paper presents an infrastructural approach for machines to first realize the user's affective space and then creating its own cognitive and affective space to respond appropriately and harmoniously to the user. The proposed work suggests the methods and models to identify/determine user's personality (through AN-ECHO model), emotions (through facial expression recognition method) and mood (through computational model). The proposed approach uses personality along with user-profiling method to understand user's interests, preferences, characteristics, expectations etc. in order to incorporate cognitive intelligence. In this way, the proposed approach facilitates the machine to assess personality, mood and emotions of the user to express personalized and adaptive behavior to the user.

Our memories are best preserved with the evidence of events. In today's world, we have both physical and digital artifacts as evidence where the digital artifacts are machine process-able contents. The opportunity of generating and obtaining event related content in many forms (e.g. photos, videos, audios, texts) became pervasive and affordable, but generating metadata and maintaining interoperability among them have not yet become a seamless user activity on the verge. This paper proposes a single platform interaction model that coherently helps users to annotate their contents event-wise with maximum effectiveness and minimum effort where the event will serve as the container and all related contents are to be put inside it and interact among them for metadata diffusion and enrichment. Our simple interface and interaction technique proved its potential for spontaneous metadata generation with every user input as the user keeps playing with the system.

Cloud computing and cloud forensics are probably the two most popular and debated IT topics in recent years, implying relevant technological and economic opportunities, the former, and open issues such as the ability to perform digital investigations in the cloud, the latter. In cloud forensics, the distributed nature of data processing in the cloud and the lack of physical access to digital artifacts on the server side represent, indeed, a serious concern for investigators and stakeholders, as traditional approaches to evidence collection and recovery may be no longer applicable. In this paper we discuss technical aspects of digital forensics in cloud computing environments and present results of a case study about user-cloud interaction, aimed at assessing whether existing digital forensics techniques are still applicable to cloud investigations. We conclude proposing a new methodology for automatic cloud-based artifact categorization as a future work.

In this article we introduce the C-Model of Interaction between humans and Digital Media1 we empirically researched and analyzed in learning scenarios (workshops). In our trienal research project called “Subject Formation and Digital Culture” (SKUDI) we arranged and designed a series of constructivist and constructionist workshops. In these workshops dealing with robots, smart textiles, fabrication devices (in so called FabLabs) and a digital installation we could reveal the new forms of interaction. After giving an introduction to the research project SKUDI we describe these interactive collaborative learning environments as pedagogical settings. Furthermore, we substantiate four forms of interaction between young adults and digital artifacts: Co-existent Interaction, Co-operative Interaction, Controlling Interaction and Creative Interaction. This C-model of Interaction is based on qualitative analysis as known from the social sciences. We exemplify our methods and comment their implementation in the computer sciences. Finally, we illustrate the pedagogical meaning of the forms of interaction.

Knowledge and coordination work is hard to observe. A focus on the more tangible aspects of this work, namely documents, provides a useful lens into the work practices of organizational members in general, and those working in distributed and virtual teams in particular. Studying documents in work allows us to position people’s immediate activities and situated routines in their larger social and organizational context. As documents carry institutional structures and point to both past and future activities they open a window to larger organizational practices. We define documents as typified and material communication, whether electronic, paper-based, wallmounted or set in stone, created or used in response to recurrent situations. The notion of document serves as a lens into the socio-technical or socio-material nature of what organizational members do day in and day out. Documents are socio-technical in that they are both material—and, thus, embody the technical infrastructure—and social—as they embody both the work practices and shared understanding of those involved. For example, our production and distribution of the document in front of you involved the technology of word processors, several different computers, hard copies, email messages and PDF files. Your reading of this mini-track introduction likely involves numerous other technologies; you may be reading a paper version of this introduction, part of the conference packet, or you might have stumbled over it among many other mini-track introductions on the HICSS-45 website or in the IEEE paper repository. Shared social practices are reflected in the degree to which you, the reader, and we, the authors, understand and share common knowledge about the form and contents of the genre of conferences in general and HICSS mini-track introductions in particular and reflect this knowledge in this document. The work we have done and that you are doing represents the basics of the work practices. And, the various material forms of the proposal represent some of the infrastructure supporting these HICSS and the broader information field. In short, the production and consumption of this introduction involves both the work of documenting and document work. The work of documenting falls close to the definition of the verb, to “document,” describing the act of providing factual or substantive support for statements made or hypotheses proposed; or to equip with exact references to authoritative supporting information (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary). At the same time we engaged in document work involving the production, use, collection, classification, storage, retrieving and dissemination of documents within and across organizational settings. The four papers in this track demonstrate a document perspective’s usefulness in a variety of ways. Isto Huvila studies the assignation of authors to documents and develops a category system distinguishing four types of attribution: solitary, emergent authorship, light-weight, and heavy-weight peer-production. The paper offers insights relevant to authorship in crowdsourcing and beyond. Alberto Pepe and Matthew Mayernik explore how microblogging can support the collection, ingestion, and publication of contextual information about digital artifacts produced in field research. The authors present their design and pilot evaluation of a microblogging application integrated with an existing data collection platform on a handheld device. Grace Eden and Marina Jirotka discuss the evolving use of digital images within medieval musicology and their transformative effects on research processes. The durability of digital documents enables detailed manipulations of medieval manuscripts that would destroy the original documents Alain Ross and Chad Saunders explore the relevance of institutional ethnography for information systems research by examining documents from two studies focusing on 1) clinical information systems in a large Canadian healthcare organization and 2) the Intellectual Property Group of a large law firm. The papers represent an emerging literature converging old and new approaches to document production and information sharing. Such work follows up work presented in prior HICSS tracks on the genre of digital documents that has found a home in the digital media track since the mid-90s. 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

Smart spaces are characterised by availability of information from digital artifacts embedded in the environment and network services that unobtrusively enhance our interaction with the digital world. User and environment context plays a vital role in deciding the usability of information services available in a smart space. Making this context available and coordinating it across the network, geographic and administrative boundaries of individual smart spaces are significant challenges that have not been adequately addressed in existing context-aware systems. We discuss various facets of this challenge and present an architecture based on federation of context brokers for large-scale context dissemination in smart spaces.

Scientists are now faced with an incredible volume of data to analyze. To explore and understand the data, they need to assemble complex workflows (pipelines) to manipulate the data and create insightful visual representations. Provenance is essential in this process. The provenance of a digital artifact contains information about the process and data used to derive the artifact. This information is essential to preserve the data, to determining the data's quality and authorship, aswell as for reproducing and validating results -- all important elements of the scientific process. In this survey, we aim to inform computational and visualization scientists, users and developers about different approaches to provenance management. Using the VisTrails system as a basis and real application scenarios, we will cover different approaches to acquiring and reusing provenance, including techniques that attendees can use to provenance-enable their own tools. We will also present a series operations and user interfaces that leverage provenance for tasks that go beyond reproducibility, such as aiding users in the process of pipeline design and refinement, in performing comparative analysis and visualization, supporting collaborative data exploration as well as the publication of documented, reproducible results.

Critics have emerged over the last several years as a specific tool feature to support users in computer-mediated tasks. These computer-supported critics provide proactive guidelines or suggestions for improvement to designs, code and other digital artifacts. The concept of a critic has been adopted in various domains, including: medical (ATTENDING, ONCONCIN), programming (Lisp-Critic, RevJava), software engineering (Argo/UML, ABCDE-Critic), design sketching (Design Evaluator) and others. Critics have proven to be an effective mechanism in providing feedback to users. In this paper we propose an initial critic taxonomy based on our review of the critic literature. We present the groups and elements of the critic taxonomy and explain the groups and critic elements together some examples. We believe our taxonomy will assist others in identifying, categorizing, developing and deploying computer-supported critics in a range of domains.

In recent years we have observed the extensive evolution of support tools that work with the user to achieve a range of computer-mediated tasks. One of these support tools is the critiquing system (also known as critics). Critics have evolved in the last years as specific tool features to support users in computer-mediated tasks by providing guidelines or suggestions for improvement to designs, code and other digital artifacts. While critic tools have been demonstrated to be effective in providing feedback, critic authoring continues to be a big challenge. We describe a visual design critic authoring template approach that facilitates the construction of critics for Marama-based domain-specific visual language tools. Our template approach provides end-users and tool designers with a new way to express design critics in a natural and efficient manner. We describe prototype tool support for specifying and realizing these design critics in Marama-based tools.

The digital age is transforming cultural heritage in methods of both creation and preservation. Whereas once we collected objects such as books, sculptures, statues, and paintings, we now also face the preservation and the archiving of digital artifacts. These might be digital representations of physical objects or purely digital creations that are culturally significant and worthy of preservation in their own right, such as interactive works of art, blogs, or even the World Wide Web itself. Intelligent systems can be used at different stages of creation, identification, preservation, authentication, and retrieval of these digital assets.

Every moment, millions of people worldwide are communicating and sharing content online. We express ourselves online to enrich existing relationships and establish new relationships that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to develop offline. Such actions are reflected in a corresponding set of digital social artifacts, such as blog posts, emails and status updates. We are accustomed to thinking of collections of digital artifacts online as repositories of information. What if we are now searching collections of digital social artifacts that reflect people's online relationships with one another and aspects of their lives? Are standard search methods sufficient? How do we want to query such data? We contend that general queries may have both informational and social components to them. We define social queries as queries about social attributes and behaviors that identify individuals, relationships or groups exhibiting such characteristics. To develop a deeper understanding of social query, we focus on the specific task of social relationship identification. In the context of two scenarios, we examine the challenges posed by the task, review an initial realization of social relationship identification and present a way forward to address the general task.

U-learning is the next step of e-learning. It focuses on exploring the potential novel learning styles in the ubiquitous environment. In out vision, the digital artifacts would become pervasive in the future ubiquitous environment. In this paper, the concept of digital artifacts and u-learning digital artifacts are given out. Two examples of u-learning digital artifacts, a ubiquitous schoolbag and a digital flash card, are presented. Moreover, a ubiquitous review system for the pupils, which adopted the ubiquitous schoolbag and the digital flash cards, are given out to illustrate our vision of ubiquitous learning. We have implemented the system and the feasibility of the system has been proved through the experiments.

Digital storage demand is growing with the increasing use of digital artifacts from media files to business documents. Regulatory frameworks ask for unaltered, durable storage of business communications. In this paper we consider the problem of getting reliable evidence of the integrity and existence of some data from a storage service even if the data is not available for reference anymore and even if the partner may be untrustworthy or malicious. Several solutions are presented, among them the first cryptographically secure approach providing evidence of the integrity of remotely stored data, without owning or transferring the complete original data.

We introduce AR-Jig, a new handheld tangible user interface for 3D digital modeling in augmented reality (AR) space. AR-Jig has a pin array that displays a 2D physical curve coincident with a contour of a digitally displayed 3D form. It supports physical interaction with a portion of a 3D digital representation, allowing 3D forms to be directly touched and modified. Traditional tangible user interfaces physically embody all the data; in contrast, this project leaves the majority of the data in the digital domain but gives physicality to any portion of the larger digital dataset via a handheld tool. This tangible intersection enables the flexible manipulation of digital artifacts, both physically and virtually. Through an informal test by end-users and interviews with professionals, we confirmed the potential of the AR-Jig concept while identifying the improvements necessary to make AR-Jig a practical tool for 3D digital design.

Aiming at providing user-friendly means for exchange of digital artifacts, this paper presents a language-generation mechanism that allows graphical data-encoding languages and schemas to be specified and automatically generated. The generated language environments can automatically verify the syntactical structure of any constructed digital artifacts and, when translation specifications are provided, automatically translate a source artifact expressed in one encoding language or schema to its equivalent in another language or schema.

As part of a long-term investigation into visualizing email, we have created two visualizations of email archives. One highlights social networks while the other depicts the temporal rhythms of interactions with individuals. While interviewing users of these systems, it became clear that the applications triggered recall of many personal events. One of the most striking and not entirely expected outcomes was that the visualizations motivated retelling stories from the users' pasts to others. In this paper, we discuss the motivation and design of these projects and analyze their use as catalysts for personal narrative and recall.