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In order to overcome the problems existing in the logistics construction of the armed police force, such as the data standard is not unified and the real-time monitoring is not available, this paper proposes a novel application strategy of the armed police force logistics construction Based on data system engineering. The application strategy starts from three dimensions: logistics command decision, logistics fine management and logistics precise support. In addition, the application strategy is introduced into data system engineering, which makes full use of the advantages of data system engineering, and analyzes the feasibility of data acquisition, data use and data processing. The research results show that the application strategy can improve the efficiency and quality of the armed police force logistics work scientifically and efficiently.

Flexible, scalable services on massive Earth data receive much attention today, in particular spatio-temporal data homogenized into datacubes. OGC has taken a lead in defining interoperable spatio-temporal datacubes through its coverage paradigm, together with tailored services, the Web Coverage Service (WCS) standards suite. This OGC Big Geo Data standard has attracted a who's who of major implementers of both open-source and proprietary servers and clients. We present status, uptake, and recent progress of the coverage datacube standards in OGC, ISO, and INSPIRE, in particular the ongoing work on the OpenAPI based OAPI-Coverages specification.

The detection of anomalies in public procurements can enable the improvement of the quality of purchases, and consequently enable a better quality of life in the country through the correct use of public funds. In this paper, we use as a case study the public procurement data from Paraguay, available in the open data format of the Open Contracting Data Standard, to train an unsupervised learning model for anomaly detection based on the Isolation Forest algorithm. The Open Contracting Data Standard allows the developed technique to be replicated in other countries that implement the same data standard, thus achieving an interoperable solution. The resulting classification enables the scoring of contracts and procurement processes which can be used to identify anomalies and make it possible to obtain an intelligent sampling of the data. This can be utilized as a support in the task of the government in its role to regulate and control the public procurements. The effectiveness of the model is validated with local known anomalous procurement processes, which are: a)processes protested by entities involved in the contracting process, which were determined in favor of the protestant, and b)complaints about the contracting process from external entities with the possibility of anonymity. The results show an accuracy of over 90 % in detecting these known anomalies as early as in the tender stage and during the contracting stage. Thus indicating a feasible approach for anomaly detection in public procurements.

A ubiquitous problem in aggregating data across different experimental and observational data sources is a lack of software infrastructure that enables flexible and extensible standardization of data and metadata. To address this challenge, we developed HDMF, a hierarchical data modeling framework for modern science data standards. With HDMF, we separate the process of data standardization into three main components: (1) data modeling and specification, (2) data I/O and storage, and (3) data interaction and data APIs. To enable standards to support the complex requirements and varying use cases throughout the data life cycle, HDMF provides object mapping infrastructure to insulate and integrate these various components. This approach supports the flexible development of data standards and extensions, optimized storage backends, and data APIs, while allowing the other components of the data standards ecosystem to remain stable. To meet the demands of modern, large-scale science data, HDMF provides advanced data I/O functionality for iterative data write, lazy data load, and parallel I/O. It also supports optimization of data storage via support for chunking, compression, linking, and modular data storage. We demonstrate the application of HDMF in practice to design NWB 2.0 [13], a modern data standard for collaborative science across the neurophysiology community.

With the gradually wide application of Internet of things on green building, Internet of Building Energy System (iBES) has gained more and more attention and application in the green building. Based on conception, technology and standard of the Internet of things, it acquires building energy consumption data through a series of sensors in the Intelligent Gateway (IG) and unifies a data standard. After data aggregation and software process, an effective building consumption data report can be provided in time, further adjusting building energy consumption in order to attain the goal of energy saving and consumption reducing. Application results show that, using the Internet of things technology for building power adjustment, reduce energy consumption, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, are a valuable technique.

Open education data is one of the important measures to ensure education equity and promote lifelong learning. The UK government's practice of open education data is at the forefront of the world, which can be used as reference for China's implementation of the “Education Informatization 2.0 Action Plan.”. This paper introduces the UK government's open education data by means of network survey, literature analysis and comparative analysis, including concept definition, type distribution and typical application. The development of open education data in the UK has been quite in-depth and extensive, and has achieved practical results. China has a big gap in terms of open scope, data quality, data standard, development and application, and should refer to and learn from international advanced experience and practices.

Decentralized original and disordered management of atmospheric lidar data are seriously obstructing regional atmospheric environment research. Though the analysis of the characteristics of atmospheric lidar data in this paper, it shows that it is very necessary to create the data standard based on metadata. After the analysis of the basic functions and the main content of the atmospheric lidar metadata standard, it gives a descriptive method and atmospheric lidar metadata model to based on meteorological metadata standard.

A real-time information system is very crucial in the area that is vulnerable to various disasters like Indonesia. This article discusses an information system that has been built and tested in Aceh area where lately had been hit by many disasters such as earthquake, flood, and tsunami. A robust application is difficult to be implemented in this area, especially during the disaster. Thus, the application implemented here is applying GPS technology and GPRS/EDGE/CDMA for data communication transmission that enables Android smartphone sending information to the user via web application. The application is being tested and evaluated to figure out the performance based on the online multimedia data standard. The testing result shows that the average transmission rate of textual message is 2.3 s, while the average transmission time of the image data is 8.65 s.

Judicial system will enter the information network era. Corresponding data standard in this field is urgently needed. This paper studies the formulation of judicial data standards from the definition of data requirements, the generation of data lists, the development of data standards, the approval of data standards, and the standards of data utilization. This standard can be used as the basis of the judicial data warehouse, increasing data consistency and availability of data for the judicial data system.

LTE-Railway (LTE-R) is a communication technology that enables immediate and effective response in case of emergencies by providing voice, data, and video services through LTE, a 4th-generation wireless communication technology, optimized for the railway environment. LTE-R, which is currently under development in South Korea, provides the capability to send and receive data for group calls and emergency calls, as well as internal control calls on trains linked to smartphones. However, infrastructure construction and technical services are required to ensure seamless services as well as the quality of service (QoS) in a high-speed moving environment. The Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) has established the LTE-R wireless communication standard to support these requirements; however, verification of the established data standard is necessary in an actual high-speed rail environment to ensure its reliability. This study measures the QoS through a mobile terminal in the LTE-R infrastructure network constructed by the Korea Railroad Research Institute in a high-speed moving environment (300 km/h to 350 km/h). The measurement results will be used as reference materials for LTE-R construction and research.

Flexible, scalable services on massive geo data receive much attention today. OGC has taken a lead in defining interoperable spatio-temporal datacubes (the coverage paradigm) together with flexible scalable Web services (the Web Coverage Service / WCS standards suite). This OGC Big Geo Data standard has attracted all major implementers of both open-source and proprietary servers and clients. We present status, uptake, and recent progress of the coverage datacube standards in OGC, ISO, and INSPIRE.

Maps are important vehicles for storytelling. Although the ubiquity of current web mapping services has brought great conveniences to creating map-based content, they also bring restrictions in map representation. Conventional analog maps are still being created and widely used. Some of the well-designed ones are highly contextual, and are more suitable for storytelling with related backgrounds. To utilize analog maps in location-aware mobile environments for storytelling, local and dynamic georeferencing is introduced to attach geospatial information to the analog map images without stretching them and destroying the artistic designs. A data format extended from a popular GIS data standard is designed, for creating and sharing storytelling content easily by attach multimedia resources to georeferenced map images. In cooperation with local communities, prototype developments realized tools for map-based storytelling content creation and smartphone applications for browsing the content in walking tours.

In the near future, the connected car system is expected to grow steadily and form a big mainstream. In this situation, some automakers are developing standard interfaces that can be used to access vehicle information in a vendor-independent way to build larger connected-car ecosystems. In this paper, we introduce the vehicle data standard and the vehicle data access interface standard currently being developed as an industry standard. In addition, we implemented the vehicle data server based on these standards to verify the feasibility of the standard and summarize the issues that need to be resolved in the future.

Population is the major strategy of long-term development, and it is great challenge as well. Population data is an important part of the national resources informatization. After analyzing in present situation of population information system and existing system impefection in collaboration, data exchange and so on, a new integrated population information sharing platform were built to realize resources sharing, complementary advantages and integrated application from aspects of establishing data standard, synchronization of heterogeneous database access, distributed business data integration, and performance of running system etc.

For the lacking of inspection method, the transportation data standards are compiled weakly in the process of transportation information system developing, which increases the difficulty of data sharing and exchange. In order to improve the conformance of data with the standards of transportation information systems, a method named “data standard conformance inspection” is proposed in this paper. Firstly, for inspection convenience, data is classified into individual data, data item and data collection according to its granularity, the standardization requirements of data item and data collection are discussed separately, and also the transportation data standards are reclassified in data granularity. Secondly, the concept, objects and contents of data standard conformance inspection for transportation are put forward and studied. The solutions of key inspection techniques are also introduced, including “semantic similarity based on weighting edit distance” and “phase matching based on hierarchical structure of data element”, which are two mutually complementary methods of Chinese phase matching to data element name, data item properties inspection methods applying to main database management systems. The system based on the method in the paper has been applied overall the country.

In the next few years, billions of devices will be connected to the Internet generating and transmitting a huge amount of data. With the growth of the Internet of Things, we have to face many challenges for which new solutions should be designed and implemented. The success of these solutions will depend on how the Internet of Things is seen, how its elements are categorised and understood, how its contexts are organised, processed and embedded to applications. In this work, we present a discussion about personal IoT. We analyze its characteristics and how it fits in the domain of IoT. We propose a definition for personal IoT, based on the analysis of a number of application domains, and present a form of organizing, recording and transmitting physical context. Our proposal is based on an extension of the EPC Tag Data Standard, which means that our solution can be fully employed with the current technology. Our solution can leverage the use of RFID tags in providing physical context to applications and services that use them. This is important in scenarios where we need to perform some context-aware computation.

The need of city 3D data is rising more and more with the development of the Internet, and the emphasis shifts from analysis to the sharing of city 3D data and information over the Internet. In internet, we lack uniform 3D data standard and 3D data cannot be shared and exchanged availably. The city Geography Mark-Up Language (CityGML) was developed as the standard language for exchanging and sharing city 3D data in Internet, which permits us to represent 3D city models. However, it is just a standard, we need to parse the main content and obtain 3D information by constructing certain classes considering of regular and irregular objects. So In this paper, we propose a kind of algorithm used for City 3D modeling based on CityGML, which contains a set of data structures to obtain city 3D information rapidly from the GML file, after analyzing CityGML files structure and parsing by the Document Object Model (DOM). The experiment takes a regular and irregular objects for examples, the result shows that 3D data are extracted effectively, and visualized in web application using Java 3D, and the data structures defined in the paper are very validated.

With the promotion of e-government application system, the important effect of data exchange brings more and more concern and discussion. This paper proposes the data exchange system model which is composed of the data transmission services, data exchange adapter and task processors, aiming at data sharing and automatic data exchange application of GIS and other non-spatial data. We introduce XML as a logistic expression and intermediate data standard format of spatial data to make it have the capability of heterogeneous GIS which shares the data resources and services crossing platforms. The data engine model as the transaction processing center between GIS and other non-spatial data uses workflow management technology definite complex analysis model and business process and makes drive-algorithm design and implementation for different data types.

This paper takes the business demands of regional land of land enforcement and supervision work as the orientation, directs at the problem of internal and external industry verification judgment, data entry report and storage management, through combining the GIS tool and professional model, based the existing GIS to redevelop and establish a new law enforcement surveillance management information system which involve several functions, such as data standard input, the scientific auxiliary inspections and the achievements automatic Aggregation. This new system can be used to assist the work of daily inspection.

The U.S. Navy established the Mine Warfare (MIW) Community of Interest (COI) in 2007 to develop data strategies in support of a future information-based architecture for naval MIW. The MIW COI is actively pursuing standard data exchange as a mechanism to facilitate the creation of a future service oriented architecture (SOA) and improved interoperability within the MIW system-of-systems. Initiatives include publishing data standards to facilitate implementation of open architecture (OA) and net-centric approaches as well as the development of a Data Standards Guidebook to facilitate the generation of future standards. During the past year, the COI published the data standard for MIW Contacts and prepared a foundational structure and schema for a MIW sensor data format using the hierarchical data format (HDF) specification as a common approach to managing unstructured sensor data in support of post mission analysis (PMA). Looking forward, the COI is implementing a data model roadmap to manage the data standards generation process for MTW-relevant tactical, meteorological and environment data, and sensor data. The development of data standards directly enables technology insertion by providing inputs to algorithms and modules. The use of a standard format also reduces integration costs and risk through early communication of available data and associated metadata. The access to common data standards allows new technologies to be more easily analyzed and incorporated during the verification and validation (V&V) process. An agile approach to technology insertion, enabled by common data standards, will ultimately result in an improved future MIW capability.

Ice charts have been widely used as a dominated approach or de facto data standard for organizing sea-ice data. These charts are sufficient for safer navigation, oil drilling and so on, but may not be suitable for advanced spatiotemporal analysis in climate studies such as change tracking, factor analysis and data simulation. In addition, sea-ice data presented in ice charts is difficult to integrate with other marine related data, partially due to its different data formats when derived from different sources. In this paper, a spatiotemporal data modeling approach is proposed, based on MADS (Modeling of Application Data with Spatiotemporal features) and CMDTs (Common Marine Data Types) approaches. The approach allows sea ice data modeling at both conceptual and logical levels. This extended model can provide more accurate representation of sea-ice data with spatial and temporal information, and improve sea ice data storage, management and analysis because of its ability of integrating other data that are related to sea ice and representing sea ice dynamic processes.

In this paper, the problems existed in the process of crop germplasm resources investigation are analyzed, data standard based on data element technology are established for crop germplasm resources investigation, and the UML model of data elements category and the XML/XSD-based replacement and storage methods are given, finally, compiled and calling procedures for the data standards in crop germplasm resources information system are illustrated. The establishment of the standards is the basic work and should reduce data collection costs and promote the construction of crop germplasm resources investigation information system by providing unified data interface.

With the development of the Internet, the need of city 3D data is rising more and more, and the emphasis shifts from analysis to the sharing of city 3D data and information over the Internet. In Internet, we lack uniform 3D data standard and 3D data cannot be shared and exchanged availably. The city Geography Mark-Up Language (GML) was developed as the standard language for exchanging and sharing city 3D data in Internet. In this paper, we propose a set of data structures to obtain city 3D information from the GML file in order to extract useful information quickly, after analyzing CityGML files structure and parsing by the Document Object Model (DOM). The experiment shows that 3D data are extracted effectively, and visualized in Web application using Java, and the data structures defined in the paper are very validated.

For ten years, the utility industry has been using optical port communications, defined by ANSI C12.18, and telephone modem communications, defined by ANSI C12.21, to get metering data, defined by ANSI C12.19, from the field to the back office. While the two communication protocol standards have been employed to great success, missing was a standard method for using true ldquonetworkrdquo communications for exchanging this data. Recent work has completed ANSI C12.22, a standard for interfacing to data communication networks, as well as updating the optical port and modem communications standards. This set of standards offers the industry an open and comprehensive ldquoprotocol suiterdquo to transport the newly revised data standard, ANSI C12.19. This paper focuses on how utilities can best benefit from deploying technologies that meet those standards, in particular the newly developed ANSI C12.22 networking standard, as they begin to build advanced metering infrastructures. In particular, utility requirements being refined by OpenAMI Task Force are matched against the offerings from the ANSI protocol suite.

NOAA's Electronic Navigational Charts (NOAA ENC/spl reg/s) have been developed to support the marine transportation infrastructure and coastal management. The NOAA ENCs are in S-57, a data standard developed by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) to be used for the exchange of digital hydrographic data. NOAA ENCs can be incorporated into geographic information systems (GIS) extending NOAA ENCs use and accessibility. However, many GIS's, cannot read an ENCs native S-57 format. To address this problem, "NOAA's ENC Direct to GIS" ( ENC Direct) Web portal provides comprehensive access to all available large scale NOAA ENC data in a variety of GIS/CAD formats for non-navigational purposes using Internet mapping service technology. Nautical chart features contained within an NOAA ENC provide a detailed representation of the U.S. coastal and marine environment. This data includes coastal topography, bathymetry, landmarks, geographic place names and marine boundaries. Features in an NOAA ENC are limited in that they only represent the geographic region that is depicted in that particular NOAA ENC. By aggregating nautical features from NOAA ENCs in the creation of GIS data, a contiguous depiction of the U.S coastal and marine environment is achieved. In the Internet mapping service, marine and coastal features are represented as layers organized into categorical groups. Using the Internet mapping service's GIS tools, ENC Direct layers can be explored. Because the data is not certified for navigation, symbolization of ENC Direct data is generalized. Geographic place name labels also provide orientation. ENC Direct allows users to specify output format, coordinate system and the spatial extent of the data they wish to download through query and selection tools.

Clinical studies are often conducted as multi-centered studies involving participants at different locations. Thus it becomes obvious that using mobile platforms and remote data entry is beneficial for such studies. When working in a distributed fashion, data exchange standards are required. Bringing these standards to the end user also requires incorporating user interface issues. Considering various device types, from desktop computer to small handheld devices raises the question how user interfaces could be derived from the data exchange standards. In this paper we consider CDISC?s Operational Data Model as a data standard and discuss its relevance in the user interface generation process. Several candidate description languages are explored and embedded into a general transformation process emphasizing especially small and mobile device characteristics.

Summary form only given. Recent standards have provided a wide range of choices for representing large and complex arrays of environmental remote sensing data. The standards offer many features for the data arrays themselves and descriptive metadata. Current sensors for applications such multispectral and conical microwave imaging, or limb and vertical sounding produce complex data sets that can take good advantage of data standard features. To accommodate data set complexity, producers, users, and archivist create profiles for specific data sets within a standard. Depending on the data architect's view of the system, these profiles can represent the same underlying data set in any of several different ways. This paper introduces a consistent framework within which data profiles can be created. The work is motivated by the large number and wide variety of raw, sensor, and environmental data sets to be produced by the NPOESS polar environmental satellites. The goal is first to make clear and precise the relationship between digital measurements , corrected estimates, and modeled inferences; and second to make clear and precise the relationship between primary independent variables (such as time), associated independent variables (such as observed location), and dependent variables the measurements). The benefits should include more easily understood data sets, clarity in defining data and metadata structures, reduced duplication in software development effort, and consistent metadata application - especially within a large project. Scientists, sensor engineers, and data processors will all be able to grasp the relationships. Without attempting to force a single structure on all data sets, the framework may provide a simplifying way to view complex data sets, and make the features of powerful data and metadata standards more accessible.

This paper is mainly about the development of a virtual platform structure, on the design of the data-processing environment, the data standard, the design of the different acquisition and data processing systems, the database development for the management and the exchange of information. The main features are: user friendly interface, low maintenance source code, modularity to facilitate the integration of new computation and decision techniques, a standardized database for electrical machines monitoring and diagnosis to improve the knowledge of a large scientific community as well.

In each oceanographic observation and research, they independently acquire most of necessitated data. In this situation, they have carried on that some collaborative projects with data sharing by cooperative observations. However, each project employs independent data sharing method. Consequently, if this independency continues, it may be difficult to connect more widely these data shared within each project. Hence, in this research, we develop the oceanographic data standard using XML (extensible markup language) followed by ISO/TC211.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the primary choice in intelligent vehicle highway systems (IVHS) for vehicle location monitoring. The use of GPS technology in the autonomous mode is not accurate enough in urban environments. The major problem in vehicle location monitoring has been providing some form of efficient digital GPS (DGPS) correction broadcast. A cost effective solution to providing DGPS corrections for IVHS uses the new Radio Broadcast Data Standard (RBDS). The standard defines the broadcast format for transmitting data over existing FM radio station subcarriers.

GPS has become the primary choice in Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) for vehicle location monitoring. The use of GPS technology in the autonomous mode is not accurate enough in urban environments where there are complicated freeway systems, dense city street layouts and other urban roadways which make accurate vehicle location monitoring difficult. The major problem in vehicle location monitoring has been providing some form of efficient DGPS correction broadcast. Cost effective solution to providing DGPS corrections for IVHS is using the new broadcast data standard, radio broadcast data standard (RBDS). The standard defines the broadcast format for transmitting data over existing FM radio station subcarriers. This paper reviews the FM multiplex signal spectrum, the RBDS standard, the technical RBDS signal broadcast spectrum and the RBDS data groups. It also discusses the proposed standard for the broadcast of DGPS corrections using RBDS as currently defined by the DGPS working group. >