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In this study, course materials, mainly in the form of PDF files, were uploaded to the Moodle learning management system and face-to-face lessons were conducted. Student clickstreams of the course materials and the results of quizzes were accumulated. The quizzes, which used a 5-alternative format, were prepared from the course materials. Data from the course material clickstreams and the results of the quizzes were analyzed from an educational data mining and learning analytics perspective. A scatter chart and heat map were created to classify students into four groups based on deviations from the average value of clickstreams and quiz scores. The groups were composed of (1) those with high clickstream and high quiz scores, (2) those with low clickstream but high quiz scores, (3) those with low clickstream and low quiz scores, and (4) those with high clickstream but low quiz scores. It is shown that creating a heat map based on an analysis of the results of 13 quizzes and student clickstreams can provide an early indication of student engagement and can be used to signal the need for a corrective intervention in the case of disengaged students.

Many K-12 schools in the United States are now taking advantage of the ubiquitous presence of technology and deploying mobile devices in classrooms. Compounded with the necessity to meet the needs of today's students, who are growing and learning in the 21st century, teachers now face unique challenges and opportunities in adjusting their teaching in such a rapid changing time. Nevertheless, there has been very little research to date investigating the impact of mobile learning on teachers compared to that on students. The primary purpose of this pilot study is to examine changes in teachers' attitude, beliefs, and perceptions on teaching, learning, and mobile technology. Ten teachers completed four research tasks that facilitated them in gaining knowledge about mobile devices and mobile applications. Retrospective data indicated a positive shift in participating teachers' attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions during the research period. The findings of this study shed light on the current state of mobile learning in participating schools and provided insights into recommendations for future implementation. The current status of the second part of our mobile learning research project will also be shared.