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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are vulnerable to many kinds of security attacks, so it is necessary to design an authenticated key agreement (AKA) scheme for securing communication channels in VANETs. Existing AKA schemes in VANETs have not provided an efficient and secure method to secure V2V and V2I communications simultaneously while meeting the necessary security and privacy requirements. Further, few key updating mechanisms, which are secure, conditional privacy-preserving, practical, and lightweight, exist in current VANETs AKA schemes. In this paper, we propose a proven secure AKA scheme for securing V2V and V2I communications in VANETs, which can be divided into two parts. The first part is a three-party authentication process in which vehicles, road side unit (RSU), and trust authority (TA) authenticate each other. The second part is the key agreement process, which is used in the key generation and updating processes. For this phase, we design a tree-based key agreement algorithm that considers two scenarios, i.e., the joining of an authenticated vehicle and the leaving of the vehicle. The formal security proof and the security analysis show that our proposed scheme satisfies session key security and the necessary security requirements in VANETs, respectively. The performance analysis demonstrates that our proposed scheme has an advantage over several representative AKA schemes in VANETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To guarantee data security, the data owner needs to check the integrity of data stored remotely in the cloud server with the public auditing technique. However, the auditing result will be invalid if the data have been modified dynamically in the process of data anonymization when sharing data to others with sensitive information. In existing solutions, a data sanitizer is needed to anonymize the data and transform the signature. However, such data sanitizers introduce new security risks, and the static anonymous strategy is not flexible to different application scenarios. Therefore, we propose a new scheme based on redactable signature. In our proposed scheme, the cloud server can transform the signature directly without the additional sanitizer while sharing sensitive data. The signature transformation does not influence the integrity checking of the stored data. The signature not only can be used to authenticate the source of sharing data, but can also be used to check the integrity of the stored data in the cloud. Both the security proof and experimental analysis show that our proposed scheme is secure and more efficient than the existing schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A textile fixed-frequency pattern-reconfigurable coupled-mode substrate-integrated cavity (CMSIC) antenna is designed for wearable applications. The H-plane beam directions of the basic CMSIC antenna in the odd and even modes are theoretically deduced. Metallic snap buttons are added at the radiation apertures as switches. Simulations indicate that changing the state of the buttons leads to the shift of the odd- and even-mode resonance frequencies, and thus leads to the mode/pattern reconfiguration at 2.45 GHz. A textile prototype is fabricated using the computerized embroidery and is measured to validate the design. The influences of human body and bending conditions are investigated through simulations and measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A textile via-loaded bandwidth-enhanced half-mode substrate-integrated cavity (HMSIC) antenna is presented in this article for wireless local area network (WLAN) communications. A strategy for adding shorting vias within the cavity is proposed based on the simulated ${E}$ -field distributions of different modes of the HMSIC antenna. More specifically, the number and positions of vias are studied for maximum shift of lower resonance ($\rm TM_{1,1,0}^{HM}$ mode) so that it merges with higher resonance (rotated $\rm TM_{2,2,0}^{HM}$ mode) to achieve a wide 10 dB return loss impedance band. Two prototypes of the designed structure are realized using textile manufacture techniques. A first realization uses embroidered sidewalls to create the cavity and metallic rivets for the shorting vias, and a second prototype uses embroidered vias and a stripline feed. The proposed antenna can operate from 5.09 to 5.9 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 14.7% according to measurements. The simulated radiation efficiency is above 95% in free space and 82% when worn on the human body in the 5 GHz WLAN band (5.15–5.825 GHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and cloud computing, an increasing number of companies outsource their data to cloud servers to save costs. To protect data privacy, sensitive industrial data must be encrypted before being outsourced to cloud servers. A multiuser searchable encryption (MUSE) scheme was introduced to ensure high efficiency of encrypted data retrieval. In an IIoT system with numerous users, the existing MUSE schemes suffer from certain key exposure problems owing to the limited key protection of smart devices and frequent queries by users. In this article, we propose a parallel key-insulated MUSE scheme for IIoT. This scheme utilizes broadcast encryption technology to implement MUSE. In addition, our scheme introduces a key-insulated primitive to improve the tolerance to key exposure. The security of our scheme is proved in the random oracle model. The experimental results show that our scheme achieves high computational efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vehicular networks, caching content in fog nodes is a widely accepted and favorable way to quickly respond to massive vehicle requests, reduce content retrieval delay and improve service quality. However, to implement such caching mode, it is critical to ensure efficient security and privacy protection when vehicles access the cached content in fog nodes. In this paper, aiming at the security issue, a novel lightweight cryptography-based access control scheme for software defined vehicular networks (SDVN) is proposed, by using TESLA broadcast authentication protocol and Pederson commitment. The scheme realizes direct and efficient authentication between vehicles and fog nodes while limiting only legitimate vehicles can get request responses, and avoids limitations or deficiencies in existing access control schemes. Moreover, considering the limited cache space of the fog node, by utilizing the flexibility of the SDN paradigm, a cooperative cache update mechanism is provided. The security verification with ProVerif and detailed security analyses prove that the scheme can meet the security requirements in SDVN. And compared with the related works, our scheme achieves better performance in terms of computation and communication costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large amount of driving data can help intelligent vehicles make decisions to drive safely, improve vehicular services and enhance driving experience. In traditional vehicular networks, data sharing needs to be done with roadside units (RSUs). However, RSUs cannot be entirely trusted and the data stored in the RSUs may be tampered with. In addition, the deployment of RSUs along roads consumes a large amount of social resources. Further, data sharing between vehicles lacks a trusted environment, and vehicles may be unwilling to share data with others because of data security and privacy concerns. Moreover, in the event of unauthorized data sharing, the source of the leaked data is difficult to trace. In this study, we exploit consortium blockchain technology to achieve traceable and anonymous vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) data sharing, effectively preventing second-hand sharing of data. The combination of 5G and blockchain makes it possible to share data without using RSUs. We design an enhanced delegated proof-of-stake consensus algorithm to make it more suitable for applications in the distributed Internet of Vehicles (IoV). A comprehensive analysis shows that the proposed scheme is secure and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggressive technology scaling makes modern advanced SRAMs more and more vulnerable to soft errors such as single-node upsets (SNUs) and double-node upsets (DNUs). This paper proposes two SRAM cells; the first one is called Quadruple Cross-Coupled SRAM (QCCS) and the second one is called Sextuple Cross-Coupled SRAM (SCCS). The QCCS cell comprises four cross-coupled input-split inverters to keep stored values, and provides self-recoverability from SNUs at low cost. To improve reliability, the SCCS cell uses six cross-coupled input-split inverters to construct a large error-interceptive feedback loop and hence robustly keep stored values. The SCCS cell can self-recover from all possible SNUs and one part of DNUs; for remaining DNUs, a node-separation mechanism is used to avoid their occurrence. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed cells. Moreover, compared with the state-of-the-art hardened cells, i.e., NASA13T, RHBD12T, We-Quatro, Zhang14T, QUCCE12T, DNUSRM, QCCM10T, QCCM12T, S4P8N, and S8P4N, the QCCS cell reduces read access time by 17%, write access time by 19%, power dissipation by 4% and silicon area overhead by 10% on average, while the SCCS cell reduces read access time by 44% as well as write access time by 13% on average at the cost of moderate increase in power dissipation and silicon area overhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve efficient vehicular network communication and service, researchers proposed fog-based vehicular networks (FVNs). One of the prerequisites for developing large-scale FVNs is ensuring the security and privacy of the entire network environment. However, the existing schemes proposed for FVNs exist considerable calculation and communication costs and/or security vulnerabilities. Therefore, to promote efficient FVN authentication, we propose a lightweight security protocol using self-certified public key cryptography. In the protocol, the trusted authority does not need to participate in the authentication process between the vehicle and the fog node online. And the vehicle can dynamically update its login password and pseudonym, without performing complicated interactive steps with the trusted authority. In addition, our protocol supports batch verification, which significantly improves the system authentication efficiency. A detailed security analysis reveals that our protocol can meet the security requirements of vehicular networks while resisting the common types of attack. Calculation and communication overhead comparisons further prove that our protocol exhibits better performance than related schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]