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System of systems (SoS) architecting is a process to bring systems together as a network structure for specific goals with unique capabilities and the cumulative capabilities achieved from their interoperability. How the capability is delivered across the network is crucial for capability-based planning mission. To meet diverse capability needs by architecting different types of systems into a network, we formulate and analyze an SoS architecting problem with network theory as a multi-objective optimization model. More specifically, we construct a three-step capability delivery model from a local and globe perspective to describe the positive and negative consequences caused by system interactions. A three-level response model with a feasibility concept is proposed as the conversion of the capability value to meet different scale combat needs and balance the deployment of new and old weapons. And then, certain intelligent optimization algorithms incorporated with the proposed model is designed to approximate Pareto fronts of three response levels, respectively. Results from a set of numerical studies demonstrate that an efficient structure with fewer nodes performs better than a full set structure, and the deployment of a system should be a comprehensive consideration of its overall structural influence rather than single system performance. In addition, four SoS-level attributes are also defined and calculated as supplements to make the value of solution architecture more comprehensive.

Weapons development planning is an unstructured, complex multi-criteria decision problem, especially in antagonistic environments. In this paper, the decision in terms of the defender is modeled as a non-linear optimization problem with high complexity under limited resource constraints. More specifically, the operation loop is used to model the relationship among all weapons in the defense system. Considering the opponent, this paper uses accumulative threat to measure different development planning solutions. Then, the differential evolution algorithm combined with special constraints-handling mechanism is designed to find the optimal planning solution. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the proposed model are verified by an illustrative example.

Weapon equipment development strategy is an unstructured, complex multi-criteria decision problem, especially in antagonistic environment. In this paper, a game frame which combines value engineering model and game equilibrium solution is presented for the development strategy of weapon equipment, which is one of the main novelties. Considering the development strategy of the opponent, this paper analyzes the game elements in the development process of weapon equipment in detail, and regulates the frame of weapon equipment selection quantitatively. Multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to measure the effectiveness of weapon equipment. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the model are verified by the example of the modernization of the US and Russian Army combat forces.