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This paper suggests an Single-Phase isolated PFC converter and Non-isolated Buck converter for general-purpose EV chargers with a wide-output voltage range. Harmonic regulation are accomplished by PFC stage and charging control is performed by the simple non-isolated buck converter. Output controls and harmonic controls are performed by secondary switches and primary switches only operated 50% duty-ratio.The proposed charger has been verified with a 3.3kW prototype.

When designing a mega container terminal, simulation plays a key role in evaluating proposed configurations and strategies in terms of the targeted key performance indicators (KPIs). While there are currently several popular commercial software providing well-designed libraries and powerful graphic user interfaces, there are three major challenges: 1) the provided libraries are designed as a black box; only limited parameters and functions can be tuned, whereas other specific requirements such as simulating new equipment designs requires further support from the software developers; 2) many libraries are designed for evaluation at the operational level, i.e., tracking individual container movement. The scalability is limited for modelling a mega container terminal as it gets computationally expensive quickly; and 3) the libraries of simplified server-queue models are computationally affordable, but at the expense of details which gives important insights. To tackle these challenges, we proposed a hierarchical modelling paradigm that is suitable for simulation modelling of mega container terminals at different fidelity levels based on the O2DES.Net framework. With an open and modular structure, every terminal component with various fidelity models can be “plugged-and-played”. This allows analysts from different backgrounds to conduct various types of analysis to meet their aims.