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Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is a fast-growing, leguminous and multipurpose tree species. It grows on degraded and marginal land in South and Southeast Asia. It produces nonedible seeds the oil of which is a potential biofuel. In Indonesia, Pongamia is widely found on all islands but mostly to the west of the Wallace line, such as Banten, East Java, South Sumatra, and West Java provinces. The economic feasibility of Pongamia depends on the number of seed per tree and the oil content of the seed. Studies on Pongamia oil in Indonesia revealed that trees grown in Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten Province, produce seed with a higher oil content (i.e., 15.59%) than those in the provinces of East and West Java using simple mechanical expeller press. In this study the oil content of 48 individual trees, from Ujung Kulon National Park, were analyzed using a solvent extraction method. As a control, bulk seed was extracted using two different methods: 1) fabricant mechanical screw expeller press and 2) solvent extraction. The results show highly significant or great variation in the oil content of the trees. Oil production of individual trees processed using the solvent extraction method reached 44% (varies from 26.61% to 44.68%) than those by mechanical pressing method with bulk seed was only 15 to 19%. The findings show that genetic factors, extraction machines and the method of extraction could all influence the production of Pongamia oil. The quality and genetic diversity of seed source is also very important on industrial plantation forest program for bioenergy and land restoration in Indonesia.

Indonesia has approximately 16.8 Mha of degraded lands. These lands have the potential to grow biofuel species to meet the need for energy security, income generation and land restoration. As a promising species Calophyllum inophyllum is suitable to grow in 5.7 Mha of degraded land in Indonesia and could contribute to green energy production and restoration of these degraded lands. During the growing stage, this species can grow up to 1 m in height per year and tolerates to harsh environmental conditions. Its seed provides high levels of non-edible oil, thus making it ideal for biodiesel production. In addition, during the biodiesel production process, its waste and by-products can be used as a raw material in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries, and as a compost for soil enrichment. Growing various cash crops with Calophyllum inophyllum as agroforestry can provide extra income to farmers, thus create added value of Calophyllum inophyllum cultivation.

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) is a potential tree for renewable world energy resources, producing future generation biofuel plants. Propagation technique is required for large scale plantation with highest oil yield of nyamplung. In this study, tissue culture techniques were used for evaluated the optimized nyamplung growth hormone. Shoots rejuvenation were used as explant in MS media enriched with NAA 0.5 mgL−1, 1 mgL−1; 1.5 mgL−1; BAP 1 mgL−1, 2 mgL−1 and 3 mgL−1 and Kinetin 0.15 mgL−1. Shoot and root were induced on the all media used after 10 months incubation. The highest shoot elongation was MS media enriched with 0.5 mgL−1 NAA, 1 mgL−1 BAP and 0.15 mgL−1 Kinetin (10.54 ± 1.98 cm) and the highest root elongation was also in this media (4.65 ± 0.68 cm). Although all the explants rooted after 3 months, in this same media induced a faster root differentiation than the other treatments. NAA concentration higher than 0.5 mgL−1 had no effect on the sprouting process. BAP concentration higher than 3 mgL−1 inhibited callus inductions. The low rates of mortality of rooted plantlets were observed in acclimatization (98 % plants live and grow well up to 6 months of observation). The best hormone concentration of nyamplung media regeneration was expected the highest multiplication for mass micro propagation.