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This paper presents the Internet of Things (IoT) based Grocery Management System consisting of Smart Refrigerator and Smart Cabinet. Oftentimes people forget about the food left in their refrigerator and cabinets. This food is thrown away after some time and thus food wastage is increased. Many people find it difficult to go to grocery shopping due to physical disabilities or busy schedules. These problems are addressed by our proposed system. With the help of the system, user can see what is inside the refrigerator and cabinet over the web. By knowing how much food is left in the refrigerator and cabinet, food wastage is drastically reduced. Moreover, when the food items are finished inside refrigerator and cabinet, our system places an automatic online order with the permission of user to replenish the finished food items. Thus, the proposed system makes the life easier for people who cannot go to grocery shopping. In contrast to previous similar refrigerators, our smart refrigerator uses cameras instead of sensors such as weight and IR sensors. Thus, the system provides more accurate and information-rich results without using extensive wiring as required by previous approaches. Many businesses also face problems when they do not know how much of their goods are sold in which stores. So, they have to hire workers to get this data. Using our proposed system, they will instantly know about the data of their products and can plan their sale promotions accordingly.

A block chain is referred to as a growing list of records which are linked using cryptography. It is simple and open ledger that records all the transactions in block structures. These block structures are bound with each other by using Quantum Cryptographic protocols. The block chain is democratic system in which concerned parties get access by using a key to perform transaction. The well-known type of Quantum Cryptography protocol is Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). With the help of QKD our Crypto-currency system is secured when passage in between transmitting end and receiving end shouldn't be intrude by third party. Secrecy of the system depends upon different factors like efficient and optimized key rate, secure carrier of modulating signal. In this work the transparency and immunity of block chain based crypto-currency system is analyzed with simulation of six state QKD Protocol. The generation of key rate is observed to ensure the path for production of better crypto-currency system. A Mathematical model is used to obtain the desire constraints so that linear relationship can be achieved. At application level this study contributes to the implementation of crypto-currency system through six state QKD protocol.

In this research, we are analyzing the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system with one relay node, assuming the relay follows the amplify and forward (AF) protocol of system. In this paper we have discussed the two types of hardware architectures for energy harvesting from radio frequency; time switching and power splitting. Our simulation results shows the effect of change of fading severity of channel path and change of different noises on performance of data and energy harvesting rate of system.

Performance of device-to-device (D2D) system is analyzed with co-channel interference (CCI). Fading channel for the D2D systems are assumed to be Nakagami distributed while that of CCI follows Gamma distribution. D2D system and CCI characteristic function (CF) expressions are presented. Maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) technique is also considered. Outage expression is given as a function of path-loss effects, channel fading parameters of the D2D and CCI, and various parameters of CCI. Numerical analysis is presented as a function of different fading parameters, CCI effects and path-loss conditions.

Recent era has brought upon a major global food shortage due to the climatic changes in the world. So in order to deal with this issue of global food shortage households must need to grow a reasonable deal of vegetables and other crops using artificial greenhouses. An artificially controlled greenhouse yields more crops per square meter compared to open field cultivation since the microclimatic parameters that determine crop yield are continuously examined and controlled to ensure that an optimum environment is created. This research paper addresses and tries to resolve a few issues that are faced by plants caretakers using the engineering approach so that he/she could remain satisfied even when he/she is physically away for a long duration of time because the automated system will take care of everything in the absence. This automated system works using sensors and actuators, which are controlled by a microcontroller and monitor and manage every environmental parameter required for the good growth of plants.

The design of a controller significantly improves if internal states of a dynamic control system are predicted. This paper compares the prediction of system states using Kalman filter and a novel approach analysis of variance (ANOVA). Kalman filter has been successfully applied in several applications. A significant advantage of Kalman filter is its ability to use system output to predict the future states. It has been observed that Kalman filter based predictive controller design outperforms many other approaches. An important drawback of such controllers is however that their performances deteriorate in situations where the system states have no correlation with the output. This paper takes a hypothetical model of a helicopter and builds system model using the state-space diagram. The design is implemented using SIMULINK. It has been observed that, in situations where the states are dependent on system output, the ANOVA based state prediction gives comparable results with that of Kalman filter based parameter estimation. The ANOVA based parameter prediction however outperforms Kalman filter based parameter prediction in situations where the output does not directly contribute in a particular state. Rigorous testing is performed on four internal states to prove the validity of ANOVA based predictive parameter estimation technique.

The design of an engine carburetor is traditionally based on a mechanical device that uses a shutter to control the amount of fuel intake. The fuel is mixed with air to form fuel mixture that is burnt in engine cylinders. This approach has several inherent issues. First, the shutter opening is controlled by creating a vacuum that results in required amount of fuel injected into carburetor chamber. As the speed of a vehicle increases by pressing accelerator, more fuel is required in the carburetor chamber. The rate of increase in fuel cannot be accurately calculated by a mechanical device. Second, the amount of air intake results in an imbalance in fuel mixture ratio. Third, the carburetor's efficiency degrades with age, resulting poor fuel efficiency. This paper proposes EFI for small vehicles. A test case was developed for a two-wheel motor-bike by using an ARDUINO board. The proposed solution was implemented in the engine of motor-bike with minor changes in the carburetor. The cost was quite comparable with mechanical carburetor, and the results were quite promising.

The denial of service (DOS) attack is a known problem in computer networks. This paper reviews DOS attack at the Application layer using session initiation protocol (SIP). Most of the existing solutions are based on adaptive threshold, cumulative sum, and Hellinger distance (HD). The HD uses number of INVITE messages for prediction of the possible flooding attack. A limitation of these approaches is that they all need training phase before actually being tested in the real situation. The proposed method proposes a completely different solution where transport layer protocol based on UDP is used to block the stream of undesired packets. This approach is novel and found to be working in various situations. The algorithm is rigorously tested using the network simulator NS2.

In order to manage a project and bring it to a successful completion, its project manager must have a complete understanding of the methods being used for the management of different parts of the project. Managers prefer specific project methodology/framework, while resist and face difficulties for an opportunity to manage another project with different methodology or a framework as they don't know how much commonality exists between the preferred and the new required methodology/framework. The crux of this paper is to present an understanding for managers and their organizations which can really augment their overall performance by having an understanding of different dynamics of different project management methodologies/frameworks and then use this understanding intelligently either by combining different powerful features or simply by knowing the equivalency with competitors which are using other project management methodologies/frameworks. This paper can be a good resource for the project managers having difficulty in deciding which and why a particular project management methodology/framework should be opted. To parameterize the scope of this paper, five important project management methodologies/frameworks were compared with PMBOK, which is a growing and established project management methodology. Finally a conclusion with a generic project management approach has been suggested.

A wireless network provides a significant advantage over the traditional wired network. The primary advantage is in the convenience, and in quick to deploy arrangement in at places with limited supports. This additional benefit is however not easy to realize without looking in to several points that requires more stringent analysis. One of the significant factor due to its very nature, wireless communication more prone to an unauthorized access by a user who happens to be in the vicinity, and is able to break in the security barriers. Most of the authentication mechanisms that use shared key mechanism carry the risk of loosing key during key distribution, or during authentication process. During this the highest amount of risk is present at the access points. The current wireless networks are based on 802.11b wired equivalent privacy (WEP) protocol that is based on shared key authentication. The protocol was originally designed keeping requirements of a wired network. This works fine under normal conditions, but in special circumstances it fails to provide data security. This research proposes a new approach that is based on public & private key encryptions. Once a session is established, a key is generated of that particular session. This session key shall be used through out the communications. The proposed approach is implemented on a simulator. This approach, in our finding applies more stringent requirements that are much harder to break by an intruder

Parallel distributed computing systems provide mechanisms for exploiting parallelism inherent in many scientific and engineering applications. One such programming environment that has successfully demonstrated operation on a collection of heterogeneous computing elements incorporated by one or more networks is the parallel virtual machine (PVM). It has been used on high end computing resources such as mainframe computers, multiprocessors, hypercubes, and the like. In Pakistan, the most common computing resource is a low cost PC. The abundance of such machines provides an opportunity to develop and use a "poor man's supercomputer". In addition, research on PVM has focused on Unix or similar platforms. None of the formal results, to evaluate certain benchmark applications, are available on Windows-based environments. The work reports the results of the local PVM implementation and compares them with results from conventional implementations of PVM.