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The industrial wastewater discharge is a major contributor to environmental degradation in Pakistan. To make conditions more deplorable, discharges from various industries such as paint, electroplating, battery, etc., are rich in heavy metals concentrations. The effluents from industries are generally used for irrigation or are directly discharged into waterways, ultimately leading to the deterioration of the local ecology and becoming part of the food chain through uptake by vegetation. Various studies are being conducted to figure out the most efficient nature-based solutions. One such technique is to develop constructed wetlands. These are engineered systems employing indigenous wetland plants to remove various pollutants from wastewater. In this study, a sub-surface horizontal flow constructed wetland (SSHW) was used to remove heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). The heavy metal aqueous solution was prepared in the laboratory with a concentration of 30 mg/l for each metal. The removal efficiency was calculated for different detention times from day 1 to day 7. Zn showed maximum removal efficiency of 76.56% on day 6, while lead and cadmium showed maximum removal efficiency of 72.6% and 69.67%, respectively, on day 7. The metal’s mobility in a plant, translocation factor, and accumulation coefficient was calculated. The results indicated that Typha angustifolia serves as a bio-indicator for all three metals, and most of the accumulation of metals occurred in the plant's root zone. The results indicated that this technology gives good removal of heavy metals and has a scope for its efficiency. Since it has low operational and maintenance costs, it is comparatively a step toward a green economy.

Rapidly growing urbanization and industrialization make up many challenges for waste management bodies and energy demand to progress, leading to Pakistan being an energy-demanding country. Currently, Pakistan is mostly dependent upon nonrenewable sources, which are costly. The rapid population growth increased the municipal solid waste (SW) products that lead to many waste management problems, i.e., the requirement of an effective waste collection system and waste disposal facilities. Thus, the purpose of the study is to propose a solution for the issues, i.e., to improve the municipal solid waste disposal system by digitizing through GIS, to recommend an appropriate point of WTE plant, to suggest a suitable re-routing network through state-of-art sensors for accessible data collection online, and to optimize the existing landfill sites for improved management and handling of SW for the Lahore city.

Internet of Things (IoT), the emerging computing infrastructure that refers to the networked interconnection of physical objects, incorporates a plethora of digital systems that are being developed by means of a large number of applications. Many of these applications administer data collection on the edge and offer data storage and analytics capabilities in the cloud. This raises the following problems: (i) the processing stages in IoT applications need to have separate implementations for both the edge and the cloud, (ii) the placement of computation is inflexible with separate software stacks, as the optimal deployment decisions need to be made at runtime, and (iii) unified fault tolerance is essential in case of intermittent long-distance network connectivity problems, malicious harming of edge devices, or harsh environments. This paper proposes a novel fault-tolerant architecture CEFIoT for IoT applications by adopting state-of-the-art cloud technologies and deploying them also for edge computing. We solve the data fault tolerance issue by exploiting the Apache Kafka publish/subscribe platform as the unified high-performance data replication solution offering a common software stack for both the edge and the cloud. We also deploy Kubernetes for fault-tolerant management and the advanced functionality allowing on-the-fly automatic reconfiguration of the processing pipeline to handle both hardware and network connectivity based failures., 6 pages, 6 figures

There is a great saying; “Necessity is the mother of invention” the sole purpose of writing this paper is to take a step forward for the development of the electrical industry in Pakistan. This paper describes the proto-type mobile robot, which is capable of walking on the overhead transmission lines in the live environment. Its ultimate purpose is to inspect the transmission lines through cameras and send the data to the ground. The robot consists of two motors, four wheels, sensors, cameras etc. This robot can cross the clamps on the lines. An embedded computer based on Raspberry Pi3 is chosen as a core of the control system. IP Cameras are installed to obtain the video of the wires and communication system is based on wireless IP control router. The sensor configuration is used to sense any obstacle in shape of clamps. GPS system is mounted on the robot which provides the current location of the Robot.

With the evolution of vehicular networks, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has emerged as a promising technology for autonomous road transport. For a successful deployment of ITS, security and reliability are the most challenging factors to be tackled to ensure Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Infrastructure-to-Infrastructure (I2I) communications. Due to unreliable communications in vehicular networks, implementing fault-tolerant techniques for the Road Side Unit (RSU) infrastructure is an imperial need. Within this context, the contributions of this paper are twofold: (i) we propose a distributed fault-tolerant framework for V2I and I2I communications based on edge computing to resolve hardware- and network connectivity-based failures. The fault tolerance issue is addressed by employing open messaging standards as a subscription-based data replication solution at the edge. We also adopt Kubernetes for the fault-tolerant management, combined with high-availability mechanism, allowing automatic reconfiguration of the data processing pipeline; and (ii) we implement a demonstrator system for vehicular networks-based smart mobility to assess fault tolerance capabilities. The experimental results show that our proposed framework dynamically tolerates RSU-related failures during the vehicular communication phase.