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Technologies for generating energy through fossil fuels have been increasingly being replaced. In this scenario, environmentally friendly innovations have gained space, one of the branches of renewable energy is solar energy that, through photovoltaic panels, converts the irradiation into electricity or heat. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present a patent analysis, carried out with the aid of text mining, through an algorithm developed for this purpose, using the R language, in order to identify the stage of technological development of photovoltaic panels. As results, we observed that there has been an increase in patent deposits in recent years, resulting in greater efficiency and lower cost of the modules. Innovations have been identified in several areas of knowledge, hybrid technologies (panels that generate electricity and heat), manufacturing methods, fast assembly systems and self-cleaning systems are among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]