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In this paper Compaq patch antenna is designed using array of E shape element and its performance is optimized using defected ground structure. Two array designs are proposed of 1 by 2 elements and 2 by 2 elements and its performances are analyzed. Circular DGS is introduced to enhance the performance characteristics like gain, bandwidth, mutual coupling and better isolation between elements of antenna. Finally designed 2 by 2 elements patch antenna with circular shape DGS shows optimum performance and it overcomes the hindrance of narrow bandwidth and by this successful design of patch antenna is achieved which can operate in wideband frequency.

The human body acquires energy in many form to manage their activities. This energy enters into human body in the form of food, beverages or any other external source. Few of the vital nutrients are injected into human body via supplementary medicines, etc. Some of the required energy of human body is absorbed naturally from the environment (e.g. vitamin D through sunlight). Human body absorbs limited energy / nutrients from the environment due to lack of proper transformation of energy aspects of human body. Due to this there is requirement of an interface which can help in transforming the environmental energy for fulfilling some aspects of the human body energy requirements. To understand the role of environment energy for its utilization to fulfil the some energy requirement of human body, we have proposed & discussed an interface that has capability of transforming the environmental energy into various aspects of human body energy.

Today's scientific era has contributed immensely to the design and deployment of interfaces to aid physically handicapped people to combat their disabilities. The alternate interfaces assist individuals in leading a normal life and perform expected activities. Such types of interfaces are the part of Assistive Technology. There are different phases between design and deployment of assistive technology i.e., initial level of design, deep design, model design and modeling. The designer faces a lot of problems in designing the assistive technology due to various disability levels, user adaptability, user acquaintance etc. The deployment team is totally dependent on the designed interfaces and is totally ignorant about the usability of the devices. So through this paper we highlight some of the challenges encountered in the design and deployment of assistive devices and suggest certain principles to control them. Affective design and deployment leads to increased acceptability levels of assistive devices in society.

Conventional interface has made more effective impression in the processes and applications of interfacing technology. It is difficult for people and designers to clarify the term affecting current computing era. The touchable devices used for zooming, scrolling and other functions which have perform on touch screen may rise the symptoms of physical disability for next generation of people. The genes become affected through the maximum application of such devices. We evaluate the three age stages (i.e. child, youth and elderly) of living style of people, using the touchable devices in their daily routine and find out that what the impact have done through prolonged use of these devices. Touch screen may give rise to various physical disabilities for next generation of people. In this paper the hypothesis is measured and we show the raised problem in graphical form and suggested few of the methods to control aforesaid problem.

The population of India is growing at a very fast pace; so this large population requires more products like food, clothes, houses, vehicles etc. to survive on the earth. It means that each and every year the demand of products are increasing with alarming rate but their production rate is decreasing day by day. These factors not only affect our environment where we consume the natural resources like oxygen, water etc. but also reduce their availability. People are facing more and more problems with respect to their survival in this environment of fewer resources. Benzene and CO 2 play a vital role in affecting the life of people and cause various types of diseases such as cancer and others types of respiratory disease. In this article we focus on the rising problems of benzene and CO 2 in India and also point out their effects. We consider this realistic problem and propose its prospective solutions for reducing the problem of pollution with the help of green technology.

The development process of a project requires verifications that may be handled through expert team. It means that a project cannot be completed in absence of the analysis phase. The analysis and measurement have the strongest reason to prove the accuracy of outcome of the project. As ubiquitous computing is the most probable era for current research, most researchers are working in the contextual applications to measure the locations of sensor and their working environment. In this article we analyze the exact location of sensor and find out the optimal area categorization regarding their characteristics. The sequential analysis has been conducted on the cumulative selections of location data and we capture the reason behind the existing problem of their quality. The determination technique to measure the alternatives of Configured Items and Internal Components for better applications of UC Systems have been proposed. We cancel the myth of approximation searching followed by location measurement. We also propose the location measurement algorithm (RAK) and flowchart to compute the sensor data. Finally we conclude our proposal and point out the future perspective in that.

The work is evaluated through the process of measurement. But it is not necessary that the common measurement principles fulfil all the requirements of observation. To complete this task we elaborate scientific method of HCI evaluation, to catch out the accurate observation of results and compute their fundamentals. Scientific method covers the analytical part, quantitative applications and qualitative results using different computing paradigms. In this paper we highlight the computational paradigm and different scientific methods of HCI evaluation. We focus the simplest terms to observe the evaluation process of HCI in a scientific way.

Due to the dynamic changes of business environments and the advancements of technologies, information technology (IT) projects are facing lots of challenges, and there is requirement of systematic approaches to deal with the risks to ensure the project's success. As, no IT Project can ever be risk free. Here we are proposing a framework of automated risk removal model which identifies, classifies and generates solution patches to solve the problems caused by software risks. This is a phase wise process of risk removal. First, risk sources and risks are identified, after that they are classified, and then solution patches are generated and applied on encountered problem. At the end performance of the project is evaluated after risk removal. This framework of process has auto feedback mechanism. Using this model framework project manager will be able to develop better risk management strategies and more effective risk planning decisions.