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In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has received a lot of research attention. The IoT is considered part of the Internet of the future and is made up of billions of intelligent communication “things”. The future of the Internet will consist of heterogeneously connected devices that expand the world's boundaries with physical entities and virtual components. The Internet of Things (IoT) provides new functionality for related things. This study systematically examines the definition, architecture, essential technologies, and applications of IoT. First, I will introduce various definitions of IoT. Next, it will be discussed new techniques for implementing IoT. Third, several open issues related to IoT applications will be investigated. Finally, the key challenges that need to be addressed by the research community and possible solutions to address them are investigated.

The continuous increase in the global energy demand obliges the necessity of energy production and its efficient utilization. The energy conservation is a primary concern of every process industry due to the increasing fuel prices. The distillation column is considered as one of the essential energy-intensive unit operations of any chemical and process industry. Therefore, process engineers are finding ways for efficient process monitoring and better control. However, the non-productive nature and the complexities in the column has increased the difficulties to handle this unit operation. Hence, it is desirable to operate the column efficiently to attain high product quality. The energy consumptions during distillation can have a substantial impact on overall profitability. A critical review of the various disturbances and operational difficulties has been presented. The causes, consequences and recommendation to handles various anomalies in distillation has also been presented which may help to identify the root cause while doing detection and diagnosis of various faults.

Development of a suitable model is the most challenging problem for the distillation columns due to their nonlinear and complex behavior. First Order Plus Time Delay (FOPTD) models using transfer functions and Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous Input (NLARX) models described by sigmoid function were used in this study to identify the dynamics of the industrial debutanizer column. The results demonstrated that linear models were not able to approximate the behavior of system whereas the NLARX models performed well in capturing the nonlinear dynamics of debutanizer column. The prediction capability of the developed NLARX model was found to be 91.26% and 86.56% for top and bottom composition respectively.

One of the major challenges in industrial process control is to deal with nonlinearities in the plants. There have been a significant amount of research efforts towards design and development of appropriate, reliable and promising control techniques to deployed on real-time industrial applications. Some of the widely used and acknowledged control methods lack in terms of tuning unknown system parameters. The reason is their unadaptive or fixed nature. This paves the field well for adaptive controllers. Their biggest advantage is their automatic updation of unknown system paramters, that saves quite some resources and manpower and ensures an overall stable control strategy. In this regard, system modeling happens to be the prime and pertinent task so that it can set the basis for a stable control law synthesis. This reserach work proposes a polynomial adaptive model recently introduced called U-Model to be used for online system identification of Chemical Process Plant. U-Model is a simple, stable and reliable which has previously yielded encouraging results when applied to various application in different scenario. The aforementioned plant shall be used for investigation on its Flow process. The modeling results shall be compared and validated by other commonly known and utilized modeling structures.

Knowledge of dynamic behavior of process plants is essential in designing, commissioning and operating process plants. Several advanced model based technologies require explicit dynamic models of the process plant. However, even the development of the dynamic model of a simple unit operation is very daunting, costly and time-consuming. This paper presents a rigorous dynamic simulation using Aspen Plus. The data from the dynamic simulation is then used to develop transfer function model of the column. This case study considers a distillation column with an ethanol-water feed. A 2×3 distillation column transfer function model is developed from step responses of the Aspen plus dynamic simulation, i.e. with feed valve opening %, reflux flow rate and reboiler duty as input and top and the bottom compositions as an output. A separate SISO transfer function from condenser duty to column pressure is also developed.

Inspired by the work on sensory substitution which shows the technical and practical possibilities for perceptual learning, we have carried out a global longitudinal study of the learning capacities for reading digital graphical objects by four blind high-school students. We report here the results obtained with the Tactos system during certain phases of this study, in particular the acquisition of reading strategies and the possibility of deploying these strategies in the case of a geometry exercise.

An advanced fully programmable spinal cord stimulation system is described. The system delivers controlled electrical pulses to an electrode array placed on selected nerve fibers along the spinal cord. It is composed of three main parts: two different external control units and a surgically implanted module. The first external part consists of a computer system with completely graphical software and appropriate hardware interface, intended for the physician to program the internal part. The second external unit is a very small simple switch that will be used by the patient to start and stop stimulation at his convenience. A RF carrier provides both data and power for the implant through a closely coupled inductive link. The internal part consists of a microstimulator built around a full custom mixed-signal microprocessor generating different programmable current waveforms. This chip is mounted together with different satellite components on a hermetically housed hybrid circuit.