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Electroretinography (ERG) has great potential in visual health detection in early diagnosis and intervention. To date, optical coherence tomography and other diagnostic tests are mainly used. Clinically used ERG is an important diagnostic assessment for various retinal diseases, such as hereditary diseases (retinitis pigmentosa, choroideremia, cone dystrophy, etc.), diabetic retinopathies, glaucoma, macular degeneration, toxic retinopathies etc. A database of five types of adult and pediatric biomedical electroretinography signals is presented in this study. In this study, the database is focused on the Maximum 2.0 ERG Response (80 pediatric signals, 42 adult signals) protocol. The tests were performed at the IRTC Eye Microsurgery Ekaterinburg Center. In this study, the EP-1000 Multifocal computerized electrophysiology workstation manufactured by Tomey GmbH was used. The aim of this study is to describe the existing database including the classification of signals and to determine the pediatric norms of the binocular program.

ERG is a biopotential response of various retinal cells formed by visual stimulation with a bright flashlight. The retina produces an appropriate response which is depending on the visual stimulation conditions. To ensure uniform flash intensity throughout the patient's field of view, the patient's chin is placed on a special ganzfeld platform. This installation realizes the uniformity of light stimulation distribution. During the examination, the patient looks at one point indicated in the ganzfeld. Flash intensity replacements are routinely regulated by the ISCEV standard, however, this study used standard EP-1000 (Tomey GmbH) protocols. Filtering is a key part of signal analysis. In accordance with the requirements of the standard, the filtration of (ERG) signals should be implemented using a posteriori methods. The source of this recommendation is the complex waveform and the presence of frequency components of different private ranges. Thus, this study described the selection of the optimal filtering method for the Maximum 2.0 ERG Response signal based on the posteriori method. The study used the original biomedical signals of adult patients previously published on the IEEE DataPort.

Electroretinogram (ERG) is the non-invasive ocular test to assess the retinal function by measuring the photic irrational induced electrical responses of the cells in the retina, including the photoreceptors in the outer retina, inner retinal layers, and the final output neurons. Clinically used ERG is an important diagnostic assessment for various retinal diseases, such as hereditary diseases, diabetic retinopathies, glaucoma, macular degeneration, toxic retinopathies, etc. The presented ERG examination includes a series of electrophysiological tests of various types of electroretinography. The tests were performed at the IRTC Eye Microsurgery Ekaterinburg Center. In this study, the EP-1000 Multifocal computerized electrophysiology workstation manufactured by Tomey GmbH was used. This station is located in a separate isolated room and complies with ISCEV standards. Manual analysis of medical ophthalmic signals is a time-consuming process that involves operator training and skill. Analysis of ophthalmic signal data could advance much faster and be more cost-effective while reducing time and material costs through automation and optimization using signal processing and analysis methods available in the modern mathematical theory of signal processing. This paper described a Maximum 2.0 ERG Response time-frequency analysis.

ERG is a biopotential response of various retinal cells formed by visual stimulation with a bright flashlight. The retina produces an appropriate response which is depending on the visual stimulation conditions. To ensure uniform flash intensity throughout the patient's field of view, the patient's chin is placed on a special ganzfeld platform. This installation realizes the uniformity of light stimulation distribution. During the examination, the patient looks at one point indicated in the ganzfeld. Flash intensity replacements are routinely regulated by the ISCEV standard, however, this study used standard EP-1000 (Tomey GmbH) protocols. Filtering is a key part of signal analysis. In accordance with the requirements of the standard, the filtration of (ERG) signals should be implemented using posteriori methods. The source of this recommendation is the complex waveform and the presence of frequency components of different private ranges. Thus, this study described the selection of the optimal filtering method for the Maximum 2.0 ERG Response signal based on the posteriori method. The study used the original biomedical signals of adult patients previously published on the IEEE DataPort.

One of the most critical elements in the international health system is blood donation. Unfortunately, several countries, mostly low-income, and middle-income countries have limited blood transfusion capacity. Less than 25% of the national blood supply is obtained from voluntary unpaid blood donors in 40 countries, and for that reason, the goal of the WHO for all countries is to obtain all blood supplies from voluntary unpaid blood donors. Since WHO needs to permanently increase and improve national blood services, it is necessary to implement the policies for more widely available blood for the patient. To minimize hemolysis and averaging the temperature field indicators over the entire volume of the blood bag, the above-described devices must implement mixing of whole blood smoothly and without jerks. Stirring in blood service apparatus is developed by using electric drives controlled by an electromechanical system, designed to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. This article contains information about an electric drive control system based on a reversible motor driver. The results will be utilized for further modernization and development of new transfusion therapy devices using current LLC Leadcore production.

Blood mixers are primarily used to provide automatic uniform mixing of blood and preservative. It also provides automatic control over the speed and volume of blood supply. The essential technical parameter of donation units for transfusion therapy is the accuracy of mass registration. This article presents a developed weight sensor for estimating the mass of a blood mixer. The authors of the article described the selected schematic design. Modeled oscillograms were developed in the Micro-Cap environment. The showed approach of design a scheme based on generating strain gauge transducer signals and posterior signal processing by the STM32 microcontroller. To form rectangular pulses, comparators have used. The comparator’s input voltage level was set by the supply voltage. An obtained signal of the desired shape and permissible frequency has formed at the output of the circuit. The developed circuitry solution is implemented on the board and introduced into the work of the B.Mix blood mixer. Validation of the characteristics of the weight sensor board is performed using an industrial oscilloscope. The results obtained to comply with the requirements described in the technical documentation. This article is part of the work devoted to the modernization and development of new equipment for transfusion therapy based on LLC Leadcore production.

Notwithstanding the development of technologies all over the world, there is still a problem of poor-quality procurement and storage of donor blood. Non-compliance with blood manipulation is often caused by poor-quality procurement of blood and its components. In order to enhance the efficiency and safety of transfusion care, the transportation of blood components may only be implemented by medical personnel. The storage and thawing of blood and its components is a complex technological process. The conditions for storage and thawing of blood components are established based on the requirements for maximum safety, viability, and functional usefulness during the entire using period. Storage and thawing conditions should be monitored continuously. In different countries, the requirements for storing and defrosting blood products differ due to different levels of technical support and legal framework. This article presents the requirements for the storage and thawing of blood components in accordance with the legitimate legislative framework in Russia and the CIS countries. This article incorporates a summary table of blood components, storage and thawing requirements, and links to relevant regulatory documents.

The physiologic parameters of the patients from a medical database can be useful to search models in health conditions. The current study used an open medical database where especially the blood pressure and diabetes are the parameters of interest. Based on this limited group of study participant it was modeled a so-called health state diagram which was tracked incidence number of an individual case. The study has searched for clearance between hypertension and diabetes and found a specific blood pressure where the two affections come together. To validate some aspects with respect to the health condition it needs some studies that required longtime monitoring of participant, therefore, the current paper leaves an open continuity. For patients with hypertension, the donation may be used as therapy. As part of the project for the modernization of medical equipment for transfusion therapy, it is necessary to develop a new series of blood mixers. In the case of donation of patients with hypertension (or diabetes), nonlinear fluctuation in blood flow velocity is possible. This leads to an incorrect collection of a bag of blood, which means spoilage of blood and its components. The results of this study will be taken into account when developing the hardware part and the software of the new series of blood mixers.

Defrosting apparatus for cryopreserved blood products must perform defrosting to a target temperature of +37 degrees Celsius under conditions of an optimally selected and fixed heating time, ensure and maintain the biological value of the substance used for transfusion. When the target temperature of the substance to be thawed is reached, the temperature deviation from +37 degrees Celsius should not exceed ± 0.5 degrees Celsius. However, the currently existing technical means have an accuracy of maintaining the temperature during the thermostating process of ± 1 degree Celsius. During developing technical means for rapid high-precision defrosting of cryopreserved blood products, it is necessary to determine the parameters of the system, such as type of blood product, heat carrier, heating technology, overall dimensions of the defrosting chamber, volumes of bags with blood products to be opened, and so on. The combinatorial approach allows one to determine the optimal parameters of the system, however, to date, there are no studies of modeling the thawing of cryopreserved blood products for transfusion-infusion therapy, taking into account the multivariance of the thawing system. Thus, in the development of technical means for rapid high-precision defrosting of cryopreserved blood products for transfusion-infusion therapy, the fundamental task is to develop a software solution for simulating defrosting systems. This article shows the review and comparative analysis of electronic test equipment for defrosting and heating plasma, blood and infusion solutions.

The electrophysiological examination in ophthalmology is a non-invasive procedure based on the recording of electrical activity outside and inside the visual analyzer. Electrophysiological (EP) examination in ophthalmology is an indispensable method for an objective assessment of the functional state of the components of the visual analyzer based on biomedical signals analysis. There are methods such as optical coherence tomography that may objectively evaluate the structural and anatomical integrity of the retina. However, this method indirectly shows the functional activity of the eye. The undoubted advantage of EP is the ability to perform a functional topographic assessment of malfunctions of all visual analyzer systems. EP examination of the vision organ is represented by a variety of methods for recording the electrobiological activity of the cells of the visual analyzer, namely electroretinography, electrooculography, visual evoked potentials, and multifocal electroretinography. It should be noted that each test is aimed at a separate part of the eye functions, therefore, several methods may be used in research works on animal models. The limitation of EP is the complexity and many confounding factors that can affect the final result, ranging from stimulation parameters to the state of the patient himself. The main field of prospective use of EP is the differential diagnosis, preclinical toxicology, and scientific and experimental models in the meantime.

To date, electrophysiological research (EPR) remains an important source of objective assessment of the visual analyzer functional state. The ability to exclude the EPR subject subjectivity is no doubt an attractive advantage of EPR. In particular, an essential advantage is the functional topographic assessment of the malfunction of the visual analyzer systems. Localized electrophysiology of the vision organ is submitted by a variety of methods for recording the biomedical signals. High complexity and many confounder factors during signal receiving may be complicated by the final result analyzing given by ranging from stimulation parameters to the state of the patient himself. Differential diagnosis, preclinical toxicology, and scientific and experimental models are the main emphasis of EPR. Potential prospects of EPR provide new opportunities for effective implementation of multifocal electroretinography. Classical EPR does not provide detailed and quantitative information about the state of the visual analyzer. This implies the need to optimize and algorithmize assessment data of ophthalmic pathology, even more than before, environmental concerns differentiated criteria inherent into a particular ocular pathology. This article presents literature review of electrophysiological methods in ophthalmology and the processing of electroretinograms using wavelet transform. To efficient processing of electroretinograms, it is necessary to separate the high-frequency and low-frequency components from the experimental signal. The low-frequency component is an oscillatory response or oscillatory potentials generated by the cells of the inner layers of the retina. This article notes the need to vary the basis functions of the wavelet transform and the methods of time-frequency analysis based on the results of electroretinograms processing.

Photoplethysmogram is an image of blood flow changes in the human body. It isn’t a simple shape signal rather it has at least six principle parameters form who derivate another useful. In the last decade, the PPG was exploited in order to extract more useful information about physiologic parameters. The current paper will focus on the blood flow velocity where this feature has a major implication in the blood mixer device. It needs to constantly monitor the transfused blood volume with the most accurate level. In transfusiological practice, special attention is paid to the accuracy of donation. The accuracy of donation means the correlation of a given volume and the resulting volume of the blood bag. Therefore, implementing the PPG principle to this device it can offer a good advantage at measuring the blood flow. This article is part of the work devoted to the modernization and development of new equipment for transfusion therapy based on LLC Lidkor production.

The photoplethysmography technique take advantage of the pulsatile phenomena inside the cardiovascular system. In addition, the blood volume can be discriminated from the sourounding tissues because of its optical reflectance property under a certain wavelengh of light source. In medical systems that used blood for donation the setup of apparatus can made the optimum environment to apply the photopletysmography tecnique. Therefore, in the presented paper the estimation of blood flow rate is determined by applying the described technique. This measurement can increase the redundance of electronical part that monitor the blood flow during the transfusion operation. The actual method that calculate the previous parameter is based on the mass sensor however, in the event of the inoperability of the force sensor, the mass of the blood packet may be greater or less than a predetermined volume. The article discusses possible options for the passage of blood flow through the tube, as well as modeling the real process of donation. It is part of the work devoted to the modernization and development of new equipment for transfusion therapy based on LLC Lidkor production.

In existing systems for blood donation, flow rate estimation is implemented using various force sensors. However, in the event of the inoperability of the force sensor, the mass of the blood packet may be greater or less than a predetermined volume. This fact leads to the improper storage of blood and its components, which means that blood products can be spoiled. Thus, it is necessary to develop duplicate systems to control blood flow velocity. This article presents a PPG-based blood flow rate estimation method. Photoplethymogram, known as abbreviated PPG, is an image of blood flow changes in the human body. It isn’t a simple shape signal rather it has at least six principle parameters form who derivate another useful. In the last decade, the PPG was exploited in order to extract more useful information about physiologic parameters. The article discusses possible options for the passage of blood flow through the tube, as well as modeling the real process of donation. This article is part of the work devoted to the modernization and development of new equipment for transfusion therapy based on LLC Lidkor production.

This article presents a comparative analysis of 5 blood mixers based on the corporation of characteristics, features of the most popular technical solutions. The described petal diagram indicates the five presented blood mixers according to the following indicators. Volume measurement accuracy during the donation of 450 grams, volume measurement accuracy during the donation of 50 grams, and agitation velocity of a blood bag. The article provides summary statistics on blood transfusions in Russia. In addition, the article formulated the development prospects of hardware solutions for blood donation taking into account the latest trends of the Russian Association of Transfusiologists, the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) and the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). The conclusions are that for the blood mixers using in transfusion therapy for action related to donation and weighting, the key factor is the accuracy of weighing. In particular, French mixer MACOMIX DCN 7 is preferable to use in transfusion practice in comparison with the other blood mixers.

This article presents a bactericidal evaluation of sterilization using a mixture of peroxide and organic acid as the sterilized agent (SterAcidAgent®). Such a composition of a sterilizing agent reduces the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and increases the bactericidal property of the mixture. We conducted studies of the sterilizing activity of 5-carboxylic low molecular weight acids, investigated the effect of basicity and hydroxyl group in the alpha position on sterilizing activity, and proposed a potential composition for a new line of sterilizing agents.

In this article, we performed the positioning modeling of several phantoms on the VERO radiation device. We used different positioning methods to position several phantoms and checking functionality. As reference phantom, we used pelvic phantom to check the accuracy of the registration algorithm in terms of using bony anatomy information or artificial markers positions. All data and images which were used in this article were taken by the linear accelerator (Linac) of the University Clinic of Erlangen.

In modern radiology treatment workflow, verification is a critical process for determining the validity of specific treatment planning. In this article, we verified a treatment plan by modeling of dose delivery by shifting MLC angel and phantom position. The study result shows that any error during the verification process such as an error in the MLC angle or the phantom positioning may lead to different passing rate and refuse a plan, which it is correct originally.

This article proposes a methodology for determining the dose distribution quality assurance resulting from deviations of the mechanical parameters of medical linear electron accelerators and identified during periodic quality control. The features of determining a representative patient and creating phantoms needed to analyze the detected deviations in the absorbed dose taking into account the parameters of tumors and risk organs are discussed. It is shown that the use of the technique allows us to express the results of periodic quality control of the mechanical characteristics of a linear accelerator in units of absorbed dose. Thus, most accurately assess the possibility of the clinical use of this apparatus for patient irradiation, as well as reduce the dose distribution errors.