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Road accidents somehow have made it to the headlines in the news or have been the hot topics on social media in the past few years in Mauritius. This work focuses on finding a solution to aid car drivers at T-junctions which had the highest number of accidents amongst all the other junctions in Mauritius. The main objective of this work is to assist a driver at a T-junction in decision-taking whether to move out or wait and hence to decrease the number of accidents at T-junctions. An advanced driving assistance system has been developed using Raspberry pi and Neural Compute Stick to achieve better frames per second during the processing of the live video streaming. The system detects, tracks the oncoming car and calculates the speed of the vehicle approaching a T-junction. The detection, tracking and speed calculation of a car were tested and the results obtained were satisfactory. In the case where no vehicle was being detected, the system successfully displayed a message that the lane was clear and the driver could move out of the junction. Also, the latter was asked to wait when the lane was blocked and was alerted of a danger whenever the speed limit was exceeded by the vehicle on the adjacent road at the T- junction. The average speed accuracy obtained is 84.96 %.

With this paper we aim at t investigating interrelations between open government data (OGD) and corruption, in particular, the potential of OGD to reduce the level of corruption and to stimulate the creation of public services. For this purpose, we delve into the case of Ukraine. Ukraine is an example of an efficient use of open data for the creation of data-driven public services and anti-corruption tools. First, we provide an overview of major OGD initiatives in Ukraine. Second, we have conducted interviews with leading open data stakeholders and experts from Ukraine. The analysis of these interviews aims at understanding in how far OGD eradicates corrupt behavior. We present the findings from this analysis in terms of the categories of government accountability, cultural issues, abundance of data, intrinsic data issues, the role of e-services and the relationship of OGD implementation and communication.

Congestion reduction is one of the expected positive effects of the implementation of autonomous vehicles; however, in mixed environments containing autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles, the anticipated positive effects may not be fully attained. In this study, we simulate various mixed environments containing autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles and assess the traffic congestion issues encountered at a T-junction intersection. Then, a method to resolve these issues is proposed involving the adjustment of inter-vehicle distance. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated and shows positive results.

The main objective of the Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is to resolve traffic problems and minimize the no. of accidents on the road. The annual accident report of 2015 by the government of India highlights the accidents based on a classification of Junction type. The junctions are of different types like T-Junction, Y- Junction, Staggered Junction, Roundabout Junction, Four-arm Junction out of which according to this report, T-Junction accounts for highest number of deaths. This paper proposes Zigbee based advanced driver assistance system to avoid accidents at T-Junction in India. This system mainly focused for night time where traffic signals are generally off and during night time drivers drive the vehicles roughly and while taking a turn at the T-Junction more care should be taken so as to avoid the possibility of accidents. Our system is consists of one Master node and three Auxiliary nodes each Auxiliary node comprised of Arduino Uno board, Ultrasonic sensors and Zigbee S1 module deployed at a distance of 50 meters before the turn and ultrasonic sensors deployed near the speed breaker which will detect the presence of vehicle coming to the junction and it will send a message to the Master node which consists of Arduino Mega board, Zigbee module and display board deployed at the centre of T-Junction. In our case, we have implemented our system on test board and we have got promising results.

This is a demonstration of the ATT and regression-based confidence scores, which are trained on a corpus of in-domain recognitions [3].

The Compania Telefonica Nacional de Espana (CTNE, ‘Telefonica’ in colloquial speech then) was incorporated in 1924. It was a strategic move of New York-based holding ITT. In contrast with a landscape of State-owned networks across Europe, Telefonica was the subsidiary of an American corporation, with internal organization, procedures and ideas that revealed that origin. We study the influence in Telefonica's early development of public relations policies created by American Telephone & Telegraph. Although the environment was quite different, the new organization faced the same challenge that gave birth to the brilliant AT&T's communication strategy, from 1907 onwards, to create the image of a “beloved monopoly”, in expression of the classical work of Roland Marchand.

It has been a basic national policy that constructing the core competitive advantage of firm, industry, region and nation by technological innovation so as to promote the development of society and economy in China. However, due to the uncertainty caused by the increasing interaction between technology and market, a unilateral implication by technology-insight or market-insight not only cannot help firm to construct its core competence, but also may get it into a hobble. From case study evidences from the Iridium Star communication system, AT&T, PHC, UTStarcom, Huawei, etc. this article makes an analysis and shows that the core competence can be constructed only from the combination of technology and market.

The increasing constraints in generation siting coupled with a renewed emphasis on environmental sensibility, emerging trends in energy markets, and increasing reliability requirements challenges the power industry to develop new technologies for the transmission and distribution systems. These new technologies must have several key attributes, among them: flexibility, environmental friendliness, high efficiency and reliability. High temperature superconducting (HTS) cable systems can embody all of these key attributes. As the first high temperature superconducting (HTS) projects are gradually being commissioned worldwide, interest is increasing not only on the technology itself but on the most interesting scenarios of application. Therefore some investigations have been undertaken for evaluating the compatibility of HTS cable with the existing grid and estimating which conditions makes it as the best solution for a decision making process at T/D planning stage. The presentation is an overview of the scenarios investigated so far. Some of them are test network developed inside Pirelli, others are real scenarios which have been carried on with utilities within a framework of HTS projects where Pirelli is involved. Particular care has been devoted to analyze the HTS reliability impact on power system reliability. Short-circuit current level has been carefully considered. Technical/economical impact has been estimated in scenarios where congestion might occur and space occupancy and environmental oppositions make difficult suitable grid upgrading conventional projects. Possible peculiar HTS performances are finally mentioned as a possible feature which will increase T/D flexibility performances at planning and operation stages.

Typically batteries are to be placed in service and/or be given a charge after 6 months of manufacturing date. During a company merger a 4 years battery stock of several VRLA batteries strings was acquired by AT&T Canada. These batteries have been charged once in their first year of shipping without any additional charge in the subsequent years. This paper outlines how AT&T Canada Engineering has managed to work with two battery suppliers, the methods used to bring the batteries back to life and to install them at twenty two network sites. Capital savings to AT&T Canada are reviewed. Design concept and the risks of installing such batteries are discussed. Results of first year battery monitoring at a number of sites are reported.

The current ISDN trial at McDonald's is the culmination of a teamwork effort amongst ATT McDonald's future ISDN plans; and McDonald's perspective on issues facing the ISDN industry. >

In October 1987, AT&T announced the start of the first trial using the ISDN (integrated services digital network) primary rate interface (PRI) between the AT&T network and a customer's premises at the American Transtech headquarters in Jacksonville, Florida. The trial used an array of AT&T products and services, including three network services, premises switching equipment and network management systems, optical scanners, voice and data terminals, and computers. This trial illustrated the use of ISDN in telemarketing and integrated multimedia conferencing. ISDN user benefits were identified in three areas: cost reduction and efficiency improvements, application opportunities, and improved network management and billing. >

A field study to characterize facsimile performance on the network between AT&T and a foreign country was conducted using the Taguchi method. The method is especially well suited to tackling the problem of characterization of switched network connections because of the multiple variables that have to be included for a complete study. a full-factorial method that includes all levels of all variables would be very difficult to implement, given the logistical constraints of conducting international field characterization. A description is given of the variables involved, the motivation for using the Taguchi method, the choice of the orthogonal array, the study implementation and the results. >

AT&T Network Systems has defined a broadband networking architecture which enables network service providers to meet the challenges in today's environment while providing a flexible framework for meeting tomorrow's network requirements. The authors review the current broadband/ATM market situation and describe AT&T Network Systems Service Net-2000 Broadband Network Architecture plans. >

Some operational advantages of AT&T's code-division multiple access (CDMA) cellular system are discussed from a service provider's perspective. Improvements in radio-frequency allocation and administrative simplifications are included, as well as inherent advantages of CDMA technology. Also discussed are advantages of CDMA technology in accommodating new subscriber services, such as data and facsimile, that are expected to drive the cellular market needs. Service providers will be able to take these factors into consideration in choosing between TDMA and CDMA when migrating from analog to digital services. >

The performance of real-time network routing (RTNR) in a dynamic class-of-service network is discussed. Three motivations for developing the RTNR network are to support multiple classes-of-service, to move towards a robust routing strategy for self-healing networks, and to simplify operations support functions. RTNR network performance results for high-day traffic loads, for peak day traffic loads, for unexpected network overloads, and for network failure are presented. >

This paper represents the technical core of a pre-competitive consortium formed by AT&T, DEC and MIT to study the technology, architecture and applications of wideband all-optical networks of local to national (or international) extent. This effort is currently sponsored by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). We will provide a general introduction to all-optical networks and describe the architecture, technology and test-bed portions of our effort. >

The program utilizes a unique procurement philosophy and technique that compliments the existing company objective of eliminating waste across the entire materials continuum. The program focuses on working with key strategic suppliers in an effort to reduce leadtime and improve quality by directly linking the supplier's capacity to the customer's required output. >

The OETC is a landmark industry consortium of Martin Marietta, AT&T, Honeywell, and IBM, supported by ARPA, to develop key optoelectronic components that advance interconnect technology beyond current cost, speed, and density barriers. OETC's structure includes a Users Application Group and a Research Associates Group for continuous technology exchange and user feedback, combining both military and commercial perspectives, goals, and strategies. The OETC is developing a testbed that integrates all board-to-board data paths of a high performance processor with optical data links. >

The last several years have been an exciting time at AT&T in the field of advanced speech applications for telecommunications: technical progress and platform/processor advances have enabled the identification, development and testing of a range of new services. During this period AT&T brought together, under a single corporate roof, a research laboratory committed to advancing speech technology, business organizations building platforms to leverage this technology for telecommunications applications, and yet other business organizations with responsibility for deploying speech enabled services to facilitate the use and reduce the cost of telecommunications services for both consumers and businesses. While this period of our corporate history has drawn to a close, we look back to provide an overview of how technical progress, platform advances and network services needs and opportunities interacted to make speech technology an everyday experience for millions of people, and some of the lessons we learned along the way.

The breakup of AT&T in 1984 induced momentous changes in the infrastructure of the US telecommunications and had a dramatic effect on the international scene. The interest has focused on the impact of AT&T's break-up and the change in regulatory environment on the state of telecommunications in the US and abroad as well as on business expectations for the future. The article examines selected aspects of research and development programs and policies at AT&T.

This paper discusses what the ISO 14000 Series of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) Standards and the design for environment (DFE) movement are and how they complement each other in a holistic approach to environmental management. Both are based upon the premise of organized, systematic, and documented approaches which embrace, and are in part based, on the disciplines of total quality management (TQM). In addition, we review the drivers for and the specific programs and organizations within AT&T being established to meet AT&T's goals for implementing EMS and DFE globally. This includes participation in the ISO 14000 standards development process, awareness training, facility plans, etc.

Interactive video services for consumers, delivered to residences via broadband networks and standard TV's, could be offered over the next several years. Such services include movie on demand, video telephony, interactive television, home shopping, computer games, etc. Economics dictate that a common infrastructure be deployed that can support all the services envisioned today, with future expandability. This paper presents a comprehensive large-scale end-to-end services platform architecture meeting these requirements and describes the field trials of this system scheduled to begin in 1994. >

The paper provides an overview of AT&T's collective efforts to develop voice and audio processing (VAP) for network applications. The first section of the paper discusses AT&T's focused efforts to manage technology resources from across the company. Next, key technology challenges within the public network market are discussed. These include required advances in technologies for new and existing markets, and the interaction of VAP technologies with specific applications. Finally, the paper discusses key challenges for managing the technology, including the transition from low-risk to higher-risk markets and the importance of setting expectations for technology performance. >

A brief overview of ATT using high-quality, highly reliable digital radio technology; using state-of-the-art digital radio route engineering methodologies; and providing sophisticated alarm and performance monitoring (and analysis) capabilities to support maintenance. >

As a result of organizational changes and rapid expansion of the telecommunications sector, AT&T faces challenges regarding the environmentally efficient end-of-life management of vintage/surplus telecommunications equipment in its Central Offices. This paper will describe AT&T's Case Study and Business Case regarding the end-of-life management of such telecommunications equipment. This project is considered a key pilot for AT&T's internal Industrial Ecology strategy.

The development of programs to address environmental issues facing product design at AT&T Global Information Solutions (formerly NCR Corporation) began with the formation of a cross-functional Environmental Focus Team. The EFT has representation from environmental management, manufacturing operations, product designers, and supply line management. This team has a mission of driving DFE practices within AT&T Global Information Solutions, and was responsible for generating a roadmap for environmental solutions. The initial step was a focus on internal education about environmental issues facing our business. The primary emphasis of the awareness program was on DFE principles, case studies and tools. Another goal was the dissemination of environmental technology. The team then undertook the development of Design for Environment tools and methodology appropriate for the company's business. This paper will describe these DFE programs, how they were conceived and implemented, and also how the "green" principles are being driven into the accounting and procurement practices of the company.

According to Harry Newton's dictionary (H. Newton, 1991), radio is the "science of communicating over a distance by converting sounds or signals to electromagnetic waves and radiating them through the air or through space". Does that process seem familiar? A basic definition of telephone transmission could be the same except that telephone signals were originally sent over wire. The difference that the signals are audible tones (dots and dashes or intelligible voices) and the media (air or wire) through which the signals pass have determined the history of broadcast radio, its government regulations, and the companies involved with it in the US. The purpose of the paper is to provide some of that history from around the year 1900 to about 1930. This history could be examined from several viewpoints. Certainly one could look at the progress of the industry from a standpoint of scientific invention and the development of technical devices from the Hertzian waves through the Pupin coil to the Audion tube. Another view could be from a personality standpoint, from Marconi through de Forest to Sarnoff. Yet another might be a regulatory view which could start with the Kingsbury Commitment, through the Radio Act of 1927, to the creation of the FCC. Each of these strategies for presentation is appealing and any story of radio cannot be told without reference to technology, people and regulation, but the paper presents the history of radio and AT&Ts involvement through an examination of the workings of three other companies and the interaction of the federal government.

The experiences of roughly a dozen IS strategic planning efforts within AT&T as well as published sources in the IS and business planning literature are described. Contemporary approaches to IS planning are summarized. A categorized list of pitfalls is presented, and suggestions for research to deal with these pitfalls are offered. >

AT&T utilizes the concept of an integrated product-realization process (PRP) to strengthen its competitive position in the telecommunication industry. Many of AT&T's business units have developed PRP guidelines as the recommended approach for going through the PRP in the most effective and efficient manner. The PRP guidelines do not attempt to create technical approaches to product realization. Rather, they attempt to improve the execution of the PRP. In this work, the direction AT&T is taking towards improving the execution of the PRP through both compliances with the PRP guidelines and changes in its culture is discussed. >

Cellular telecommunications technology is currently undergoing deployment in the top 90 markets in the United States, and in a number of foreign countries. AT&T developed the cellular radio concept, nurtured it through years of government regulatory delay and other roadblocks, and has played a major role in the implementation of this technology in a significant share of the markets in this country. This paper will discuss some of the more recent cellular concepts and engineering tools developed by AT&T, as well as some of the practical problems being encountered.

The process of planning survivable networks for government crltical communications using Public Switched Telephone Network facilities and services is presented. Requirement specification, feasibility studies, database maintenance, damage assessment, network design, performance evaluation, and Implementation planning are discussed as they relate to government agencies with communications needs during national crisis, such as massive nuclear attack on the United States. The emphasis of this paper is on the network realization process with a focus on key concepts used In emergency networking applications.