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This paper presents a new type of monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)-based active quasi-circulator using phase cancellation and combination techniques for simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) phased-array applications. The device consists of a passive core of three quadrature hybrids and active components to provide active quasi-circulation operation. The core of three quadrature hybrids can be implemented using Lange couplers. The device is capable of high isolation performance, high-frequency operation, broadband performance, and improvement of the noise figure (NF) at the receive port by suppressing transmit noise. For passive quasi-circulation operation, the device can achieve 35-dB isolation between the transmit and receive port with 2.6-GHz bandwidth (BW) and insertion loss of 4.5 dB at X-band. For active quasi-operation, the device is shown to have 2.3-GHz BW of 30-dB isolation with 1.5-dB transmit-to-antenna gain and 4.7-dB antenna-to-receive insertion loss, while the NF at the receive port is approximately 5.5 dB. The device is capable of a power stress test up to 34 dBm at the output ports at 10.5 GHz. For operation with typical 25-dB isolation, the device is capable of operation up to 5.6-GHz BW at X-band. The device is also shown to be operable up to W-band by simulation with ∼15-GHz BW of 20-dB isolation. The proposed architecture is suitable for MMIC integration and system-on-chip applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid integrated circuit (IC)/microfluidic chip is presented that independently and simultaneously traps and moves microscopic objects suspended in fluid using both electric and magnetic fields. This hybrid chip controls the location of dielectric objects, such as living cells and drops of fluid, on a 60 x 61 array of pixels that are 30 x 38 μm2 in size, each of which can be individually addressed with a 50-V peak-to-peak dc-to-10-MHz radio-frequency voltage. These high-voltage pixels produce electric fields above the chip's surface with a magnitude ∣ E→ ∣ ≈ 1 Vμm, resulting in strong dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces ∣F→DEP ∣ ≈ 1 nN. Underneath the array of DEP pixels, there is a magnetic matrix that consists of two perpendicular sets of 60 metal wires running across the chip. Each wire can be sourced with 120 mA to trap and move magnetically susceptible objects using magnetophoresis. The DEP pixel array and magnetic matrix can be used simultaneously to apply forces to microscopic objects, such as living cells or lipid vesicles, that are tagged with magnetic nanoparticles. The capabilities of the hybrid IC/microfluidic chip demonstrated in this paper provide important building blocks for a platform for biological and chemical applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transdirectional coupled-line couplers have the benefit of perfect input/output isolation. However, for a coupled-line coupler to operate in transdirectional mode, both phase- and impedance-coupling are required, which is difficult to meet by traditional coupled lines. To overcome this problem, this paper presents a novel transdirectional coupled-line coupler implemented by periodically loaded coupled lines. Two. 3-dB 90° hybrids are designed and built to verify this concept. The first one was built on FR-4 substrates and operated at 3.6 GHz. The second one was built on Roger RTlDuroid 5870 substrates with length reduced and operated at 3.6 GHz. A good agreement with simulated results is reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel hybrid active power filter with multi-injection hybrid active power filter (MIHAPF) branches is proposed in this paper; harmonic current is injected into the grid through multi- branches, and steady dc-side voltage can be gained by controlling the inverter to absorb and release energy from the grid. Furthermore, dividing frequency control method is proposed to improve the performance of MIHAPF. It can compensate the phase and amplitude error of injection current, which is generated by the system delay, injection branches, and output filter. Control precision can also be improved profiting from the control method. Improved ip—iq algorithm is proposed to calculate the amplitude and phase of each integral-order harmonic for the control strategy. Simulation and application results have shown the validity of the proposed MIHAPF, and the proposed dividing frequency control method using improved ip—iq algorithm can improve the filtering performance and ensure the stability of the dc-side voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic and efficient algorithm is presented for incorporating multiport lumped networks in terms of admittance matrices into a hybrid field-circuit solver based on the extended time-domain finite-element method. The Laplace-domain admittance matrices are cast into the time-domain stepping equations for port voltages and currents to form a lumped-network subsystem, which is then interfaced with the finite-element and circuit subsystems through shared ports. While the port voltages of the lumped-network subsystem are determined by the finite-element and circuit subsystems, its port currents are treated as external current excitations for the finite-element and circuit subsystems. All the lumped-network port variables are then eliminated from the final expressions to form a global system for only the finite-element and circuit unknowns. The proposed algorithm further extends the capability of the existing field-circuit solver to model more complex and mixed-scale hybrid circuits, and the algorithm is validated and demonstrated through numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first complete water-based waveguide absorptive switch from 25-40 GHz integrated with commercially available micropumps. The design exploits the absorptive properties of water in the microwave and millimeter-wave bands along with innovative techniques to achieve an optimized performance in both switching states. Besides its static RF performance, the hot-switching response is also experimentally characterized. Successful hot-switching measurements are presented for power levels of up to 32 and 0.16 W for circulating and noncirculating water, respectively. This is achieved with a circulation rate of only ~20 mL/min. We also show that this power handling can readily reach 125 and 1250 W if the circulation rate is increased to 30 and 300 mL/min, respectively. In addition, the dynamic scattering matrix under hot-switching conditions is also measured and compared to the cold-switching scattering matrix. Furthermore, critical temperature effects are also studied. In particular, contrary to common wisdom, we show that increased water temperature can result in improved RF isolation with the appropriate waveguide-switching design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultra-fast switching of power MOSFETs, in about 1 ns, is very challenging. This is largely due to the parasitic inductance that is intrinsic to commercial packages used for both MOSFETs and drivers. Parasitic gate and source inductance not only limit the voltage rise time on the MOSFET internal gate structure but can also cause the gate voltage to oscillate. This paper describes a hybrid approach that substantially reduces the parasitic inductance between the driver and MOSFET gate, as well as between the MOSFET source and its external connection. A flip-chip assembly is used to directly attach a die-form power MOSFET and driver on a PCB. The parasitic inductances are significantly reduced by eliminating bond wires and minimizing lead length. The experimental results demonstrate ultra-fast switching of the power MOSFET with excellent control of the gate-source voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the synthesis of subarrayed antennas with subarrays having different weights and dimensions is considered. The problem is formulated as the definition of the element clustering into spatially contiguous subarrays and the corresponding weights to obtain a pattern with the lowest (i.e., minimum achievable) sidelobe level (SLL). The problem is addressed with an unconstrained approach based on an excitation matching method where the synthesis of subarray weights and sizes is simultaneously carried out. Successively, a hybrid version of such an approach is proposed to directly enforce into the optimization procedure the SLL constraints. A set of representative results concerned with both sum and difference patterns are shown. Furthermore, some comparisons with state-of-the-art hybrid evolutionary-based techniques are reported, as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid mesh generation is required for Finite-Difference Time-Domain/Finite-Element Time-Domain (FDTD/FETD) hybrid simulations. A combined approach is presented to automatically generate Cartesian/tetrahedral hybrid meshes for open and closed structures. This approach first generates a buffer zone that surrounds a target with specified tightness. The advancing- front technique with "sweep-and-retry" is subsequently applied to generate an initial tetrahedral mesh that fills the buffer zone. Finally, the tetrahedral mesh undergoes a combined quality improvement procedure. Due to the low profile of the resulting tetrahedral mesh, the sparse Cholesky decomposition can be applied effectively to solve the resulting FETD matrix. Several examples are provided to demonstrate the main features and the performance of the proposed automatic mesh-generation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents two new structures for four-port-based systems with ultrawide operating bandwidth, using a combination of power dividers and delay lines. The prototype circuits, initially conceived to operate in the frequency band from 1 to 4 GHz, are fabricated to validate these new architectures by means of a hybrid integrated-circuit technology. Associated with these systems, a new explicit calibration solution is developed to extend the frequency band of use up to 10 GHz. Comparison between the results obtained from the new structures with those given by a conventional network analyzer show the validity of the systems proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a hybrid optoelectronic integrated circuit based on a resonant tunnelling diode driving an optical communications laser diode. This circuit can act as a voltage controlled oscillator with optical and electrical outputs. We show that the oscillator operation can be described by Liénard's equation, a second order nonlinear differential equation, which is a generalization of the Van der Pol equation. This treatment gives considerable insight into the potential of a monolithic version of the circuit for optical communication functions including clock recovery and chaotic source applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We integrate carbon nanotube (CNT) fabrication with standard commercial CMOS very large scale integration on a single substrate suitable for emerging hybrid nanotechnology applications. This cointegration combines the inherent advantages of CMOS and CNTs. These emerging applications include CNT optical, biological, chemical, and gas sensors that require complex CMOS electronics for sensor control, calibration, and signal processing. We demonstrate the successful cointegration on a single chip with a vehicle circuit, a two-transistor cascode megahertz amplifier utilizing both silicon n-channel MOSFET and CNT transistors with a total power consumption of 62.5 muW. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Angularly selective mirrors (ASMs) are proposed as a means to expand the mode area and modal discrimination of microchip lasers. ASMs used as output couplers selectively reflect incoming k vectors over a narrow angular range, while they transmit more inclined components. The eigenvalue problem of a microchip resonator equipped with a Gaussian ASM is solved analytically, in the paraxial optics approximation using the ABCD matrix formalism. The narrow angular distribution of the reflected beam produces, through the laws of diffraction, a significant increase of the mode size and improved transverse mode discrimination, at the expense of higher oscillation threshold due to larger output coupling losses. Simulations performed using the parameters of Yb3+ -doped YAG material show that one order of magnitude increase of the mode area can reasonably be achieved without causing overheating and thermal fracture. ASMs can be directly deposited on the active material in the form of a resonant grating mirror. This technology involves only planar batch processes that retain the mass production advantage of microchip lasers. The significant increase of brightness of microchips expected from this innovation will give rise to more effective and more compact devices and new applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on computer chip design. Manufacturers have promised the creation of chips with multiple cores of operation. This poses problems for designers who must subdue degrees of freedom in multiple core chips not present in single core operations. Designers must focus on the performance of the chip as a whole rather than concentrate on each core's performance.

This paper presents a technique for the suppression of voltage transients through the use of dynamically reconfigurable supercapacitor (SC) banks. The technique requires a minimum of two SC banks to transfer power from a mains supply to load in complete isolation. The banks are operated independently as energy-storing elements in one of the three states of charging, discharging, or idling, and transition of banks from one state to another with isolation is, realized dynamically by inductively coupled power-transfer technology with no physical contacts. The proposed technique has no direct connection between the mains supply and load at any given moment, and power transfer takes place in complete isolation with built-in protection for both common- and differential-mode transients. Sizing of the banks with respect to various types of SCs and system parameters is analyzed. Comparisons between simulations and experimental results of two prototype systems, subjected to combination transient surges specified by IEC61000-4-5 standard, are presented with a discussion to show the validity of the proposed concept and its suitability for uninterruptible power systems and emergency power supplies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microsystem based microimplant with an optically powered single-channel stimulator was designed and developed as test system for an epi-retinal vision implant. Biostability of the hybrid assembly and the encapsulation materials were evaluated in pilot experiments in chronic implantations in a cat animal model. The implant was fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate with integrated platinum electrode, interconnection lines, and contact pads for hybrid integration of electronic components. The receiver part was realized with four photodiodes connected in series. A parylene C coating was deposited on the electronic components as insulation layer. Silicone rubber was used to encapsulate the electronics in the shape of an artificial intraocular lens to allow proper implantation in the eye. Pilot experiments showed the biostability of the encapsulation approach and full electric functionality of the microimplant to generate stimulation currents over the implantation period of three months in two cats. In one cat, electrical stimulation of the retina evoked neuronal responses in the visual cortex and indicated the feasibility of the system approach for chronic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental performance characterization of all-optical subsystems at 40 Gb/s using interconnected hybrid integrated all-optical semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) gates and flip-flop prototypes. It was shown that optical gates can be treated as generic switching elements and, when efficiently interconnected, can form larger and more functional network subsystems. Specifically, this paper reports on all-optical subsystems capable of performing on-the-fly packet clock recovery, 3R regeneration, label/payload separation, and packet routing using the wavelength domain. The all-optical subsystems are capable of operating with packet-mode traffic and are suitable for all-optical label-switched and self-routed network nodes. The intelligent functionality offered, combined with the compactness and stability of the optical gates, verifies the potential that all-optical technology can find application in future data-centric networks with efficient and dynamic bandwidth utilization. This paper also reports on the latest photonic integration breakthroughs as a potential migration path for reducing fabrication cost by developing photonic systems-on-chip utilizing multiple SOA-MZI optical gates on a single chip [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A concept that utilizes structured planar substrates based on low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) as a precision platform for a miniature passive alignment multimode laser module is demonstrated. The three-dimensional shape of the laminated and fired ceramic substrate provides the necessary alignment structures including holes, grooves, and cavities for the laser-to-fiber coupling. The achieved passive alignment accuracy allows high coupling efficiency realizations of multimode fiber pigtailed laser modules. Thick-film printing and via punching can be incorporated in order to integrate electronic assemblies directly on the optomechanical platform. The platform is scalable, and it allows embedding of subsystems, such as silicon optical bench (SiOB), but it also provides the interface for larger optical systems. Temperature management of high-power laser diodes is achieved by realizing heat dissipation structures and a cooling channel into the LTCC substrate. The measured maximum laser metallization temperature was 70 °C when a thermal power of 0.5 W was applied at the laser active area using a liquid cooling of 50 mL/min. The measured maximum temperature of the laser surface was about three times higher without liquid cooling. Optical coupling efficiency of the multimode laser systems was simulated using optical systems simulation software. The nominal coupling efficiency between 100 × 1 μm stripe laser and 62.5/125-μm graded index fiber (NA = 0.275) was 0.37. The simulated coupling efficiency and alignment tolerances were verified by prototype realization and characterization. The measured alignment tolerance values between laser and fiber in AT prototype series were Δx = 7.7 μm, Δy = 7.6 μm, and Δz = 10.8 μm (SD values). The corresponding values in A2 prototype series were Δx = 3.1 μm, Δy = 9.1 μm, and Δz = 10.2 μm. The measured average coupling efficiency was 0.28 in AT series and 0.31 in A2 series. The coupling efficiencies of all operational prototypes varied from 0.05 to 0.43. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years hybrid optical network architectures, which employ two or more network technologies simultaneously, were proposed. They aim at improving the overall network design by combining the advantages of different technologies while avoiding their disadvantages. In order to structure this developing research field, we classify such hybrid architectures based on the degree of interaction and integration of the network technologies. Also, we discuss the three classes and their main representatives regarding key characteristics, performance bene- fits, and realization complexity. Finally, we high- light two hybrid architectures and show their key benefits compared to the respective non-hybrid architectures through a dimensioning case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the operational characteristics of the hybrid-type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) according to the number of secondary windings. The SFCL consists of a transformer, which has a primary winding and several secondary windings with serially connected YBa2 Cu3O7 films. In order to increase the capacity of the SFCL, the serial connection between each current limiting unit is necessary. Resistive-type SFCL has a difficulty in quenching simultaneously between the units due to slight differences of their critical current densities. The hybrid-type SFCL could achieve the simultaneous quenching through the electrical isolation and the mutual flux linkage among the units. We confirmed that the capacity of the SFCL could be increased effectively through the simultaneous quenching among the units. In addition, the power burden of the system could be reduced by adjusting the number of secondary windings. We will investigate the method to increase the capacity through serial and parallel connections among current limiting units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an integrated circuit (IC)/microfluidic hybrid system for magnetic manipulation of biological cells. The hybrid system consists of an IC and a microfluidic system fabricated on top. Biological cells attached to magnetic beads are suspended inside the microfluidic' system that maintains biocompatibility. The IC contains a microcoil array circuit that produces spatially-patterned microscopic magnetic fields. Programmable, rapid reconfiguration of the field pattern made possible by the IC allows an efficient simultaneous manipulation of multiple individual bead-bound cells with precise position control. Two prototypes, SiGe/microfluidic and CMOS/microfluidic hybrid systems, validate the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of wide speed-range sensorless control of a surface-mount permanent-magnet (SMPM) machine including zero-speed operation. A hybrid structure integrating a flux observer and signal-injection techniques is proposed, which results in a rotor position signal independent of motor parameters at low and zero speed. Although the SMPM machine typically has a very low geometric saliency, the injection technique is effective in tracking the saturation-induced saliency produced by the stator flux. Experimental results are presented showing an excellent performance for both the sensorless speed and position control using an off-the-shelf SMPM machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed an integration technology for the single electron transistor (SET)/CMOS hybrid systems. SET and CMOS transistors can be optimized without any possible degradation due to mixing dissimilar devices by adopting just one extra mask step for the separate gate oxidation (SGOX). We have confirmed that discrete devices show ideal characteristics required for the SET/CMOS hybrid systems. An SET shows obvious Coulomb oscillations with a 200-mV period and CMOS transistors show high voltage gain. Based on the hybrid process, new hybrid circuits, called periodic multiband filters, are proposed and successfully implemented. The new filter is designed to perform a filtering operation according to the periodic multiple blocking bands of which a period is originated from the SET. Such a novel function was implemented efficiently with a few transistors by making full use of the periodic nature of SET characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the coupled strip-slot lines are modeled using hybrid mode analysis. Standard spectral-domain analysis is employed to solve the eigenvalue problem in multilayered media and a novel formulation is proposed to obtain strip and slot modal impedances. Comparisons with available published data are presented. The model is used to obtain scattering parameters of a bandpass filter with a novel topology. These scattering parameters are then compared with those obtained using rigorous Sonnet simulations, thereby confirming the reliability of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a high-performance hybrid integration platform is demonstrated using an all-optical wavelength converter based on an integrated semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The device structure, transfer functions, power penalties and regenerative properties are presented for data rates up to 10 Gb/s. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper reports on the development of planar-lightwave-circuit wavelength-division-multiplexing (PLC-WDM) filters based on double polynomial curve directional couplers, which will be integrated into compact and low-cost bidirectional optical transceivers for FTTx systems. Silica-based PLC-WDM filters smaller than 5 mm×100 μm for Ethernet passive optical network (E-PON) applications were designed and fabricated to have low bidirectional crosstalk (lower than -40 dB) as well as low insertion losses (lower than 1 dB) within the operating temperatures of -40 to 80°C. Several features and design guides that can reduce the size of directional couplers and improve the level of bidirectional crosstalk are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We report on a successful fabrication of silicon-based single-electron transistors (SETs) with low RC time constant and their applications to complementary logic cells and SET/field-effect transistor (FET) hybrid integrated circuit. The SETs were fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure by a pattern-dependent oxidation (PADOX) technique, combined with e-beam lithography. Drain conductances measured at 4.2 K approach large values of the order of microsiemens, exhibiting Coulomb oscillations with peak-to-valley current ratios ≫1000. Data analysis with a probable mechanism of PADOX yields their intrinsic speeds of ∼ 2 THz, which is within an order of magnitude of the theoretical quantum limit. Incorporating these SETs as basic elements, in-plane side gate-controlled complementary logic cells and SET/FET hybrid integrated circuits were fabricated on an SOI chip. Such an in-plane structure is very efficient in the Si fabrication process, and the side gates adjacent to the electron island could easily control the phase of Coulomb oscillations. The input-output voltage transfer, characteristic of the logic cell, shows an inverting behavior where the output voltage gain is estimated to be about 1.2 at 4.2 K. The SET/FET hybrid integrated circuit consisting of one SET and three FETs yields a high-voltage gain and power amplification with a wide-range output window for driving the next circuit. The small SET input gate voltage of 30 mV is finally converted to 400 mV, corresponding to an amplification ratio of 13. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A lumped-element quadrature hybrid consisting of two-section inductive coupled π-networks is presented. A synthesizing method involving a new set of design equations are also developed to realize the proposed hybrid with very good balance in both magnitude and phase between the output ports over a 38% fractional bandwidth. The measurements of the two prototypes show quite good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The proposed hybrid is compact and suited to be implemented by conventional microwave-integrated-circuit technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes a novel hybrid structure for the barrel module of the ATLAS semiconductor tracker. Components of the hybrid; Details of module assembly; Performance of the preseries production modules.

Presents a study which proposed a single high-frequency transformer full isolated uninterruptible power supply (UPS) based on series-parallel resonant converters for powering hybrid fiber-coaxial networks. Features of the proposed UPS; Circuit description of the UPS topology; Modes of operation of the proposed UPS.

Discusses the development of a magic-tee circuit based on the hybrid integration technology of planar and nonradiative dielectric waveguide. Topology of the nonradiative dielectric magic-tee junction; Resonance paths in the junction.

Presents a study that investigated the performance of hybrid load-value predictors of the central processing unit of computers. Discussion on basic load-value predictors; Assessment of metric anomalies among the predictors; Analysis of two-component and three-component hybrids.

Discusses a study that proposed a hybrid active power filter (APF) topology. Various APF topologies; Advantages of the hybrid APF topology approach; Function of insulated gate bipolar transistor; Possible APF topologies with series and parallel combination.

Practical construction of nonradiative dielectric (NRD) guide components such as filters, junctions, or hybrid planar NRD-guide circuits is rather difficult because of the tedious alignment and tolerance requirement of various separate NRD-guide elements. To overcome this hurdle, we present a new scheme called the engraved NRD guide (ENRD). This ENRD guide is an NRD guide whose outline is machined out of a single dielectric block, thereby eliminating the alignment constraint, and allowing a better precision for physical design, realization, and integrity of the overall circuit. Design considerations and procedures of the ENRD guide are studied and discussed in this paper, which suggest the predominance of gap dimension in obtaining a quasi-nonradiative condition with similar propagation properties as a normal NRD guide. It also shows that the amount of dielectric material left in support of the whole structure alignment could greatly affect the leakage level of the guide. An ENRD-guide 90° bend and filter were designed and measured. Investigation of the ENRD-guide filter leads to the characterization of an evanescent LSM10 mode in the air gap region between the resonators necessary for reducing its insertion loss [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Examines the spectral efficiency of a hybrid cellular direct-sequence/frequency hopping code-division multiple-access system operating in a Rayleigh-fading environment. Function of the actual spectral efficiency of a system operating in a fading environment; Total capacity for operation in a Rayleigh-fading environment; Results and discussion.

Presents a low-cost high-performance pin grid array (PGA) packaging technology for K-band microcircuit and microwave subsystem packaging. Microwave PGA package architecture; First-generation application for 10-gigahertz application.

Focuses on a study which described an embedded overlay concept for packaging hybrid components containing systems (MEMS). Details on the chip-on-flex (COF) MEMS packaging process; How the laser ablation for COF has been accomplished; Attractive features of COF/MEMS processes.

Proposes an efficient technique for analyzing planar periodic structures with arbitrary unit cell geometry rendered in a nonuniform discretization. Use of Ewald's and lattice-sum methods for evaluating the contributions from quasi-dynamic and complex images; Integration of techniques to yield an efficient hybrid methodology for analyzing periodic structures.

Discusses different asymmetric branch-line hybrids, a conventional-direction asymmetric branch-line hybrid (CABH) and an anti-conventional-direction asymmetric branch-line hybrid. Derivations of hybrids' design equations; Fabrication of a uniplanar CABH with coplanar wave guide technology.

Investigates a high-temperature superconducting duplexer for cellular base-station applications. Components of the duplexer; Description of the principle and design; Fabrication of components using double-sided thin films; Substrate size of the hybrids; Measurement of insertion loss from the antenna to receiver ports.

This letter presents the realization of a high-efficiency, high-temperature Continuous Class-E Sub-Waveform Solution power amplifier using for the first time GaN technology. The recently introduced Continuous Class-E PA mode theory has revealed new and various impedance solutions for which high efficiency switch mode PAs can be realized. The investigation carried out in this work clearly shows that very high efficiency is still delivered despite the smaller voltage waveform peak when compared to standard Class-E, leading to more reliable PAs. The Continuous Class-E Sub-Waveform Solution PA prototype shows efficiency as high as 80% while delivering output power of 4 W and gain > 10 dB at 2 GHz of frequency and ambient temperature. The PA module has also been tested at high temperature T=150^\circC revealing targeted performance with efficiency up to 71% while delivering 3.5 W of output power. Reliability measurements also show satisfactory results in the time frame up to 1500 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents a study on hybrid read-out circuits for multi-pixel hybrid photodiodes (M-HPD). Information on M-HPD; Details on the read-out method; Experimental results; Conclusions.

Presents a complete linear and nonlinear field-effect transistor simulation approach. Field-effect transistor small- and large-signal model; Use of an electromagnetic three-dimensional simulator to characterize the extrinsic part and circuit software to introduce the component of the intrinsic part; Hybrid integrated circuits.

Presents a simulator based on a global electromagnetic model suited for the analysis of high frequency integrated and hybrid electronic circuits. Capability of the tool in accounting for actual interaction between wave propagation and charge transport; Capability of providing a physical based picture of traveling-wave guide semiconductor devices.

Describes the modeling of a hybrid planar integrated circuit comprising a nonradiative dielectric resonator and its coupling to input and output planar microstrip circuits. Calculation of resonant frequency; Mathematical relations; Transmission-line analysis.

Proposes a design theory using a phase inverter for systematic size reduction and band broadening of a uniplanar hybrid ring coupler. Features and design criteria of broad-band reverse-phase hybrid ring couplers; Increase of the effective bandwidth of a reverse-phase hybrid ring coupler; Isolation.