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The 2020 Asia–Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC 2020) was held in Hong Kong, SAR, China, on December 8–11, 2020. The conference was organized by the IEEE Antennas and Propagation (AP)/Microwave Theory and Techniques (MTT) Chapter of Hong Kong, and technically co-sponsored by the IEEE MTT Society, the IEEE AP Society, the State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong; the Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong; and the Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Out of 531 papers submitted, 402 papers were accepted for presentation at the conference and publication in the 2020 APMC proceedings. These papers have also been published online on the IEEE Xplore website. The technical program involved more than 1000 authors coming from 28 different countries/regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the dynamic performance of subway transportation systems. A three-layer model, consisting of a rail layer, a train layer, and a passenger layer, is proposed to describe the structure and operation of a metro system. Two parameters, namely, time efficiency and maximum load ratio, are proposed to assess the transport efficiency and the train utilization rate, respectively. Case studies of the metro networks in Beijing, Tokyo, and Hong Kong show that the time efficiency decreases nonlinearly with the increase of vehicle resource and passenger demand, whereas maximum load ratio varies in an opposite manner. For the three metro networks under study, the Tokyo metro system has the highest time efficiency when passengers adopt a shortest-path (SP) routing strategy, while the Hong Kong system’s highest time efficiency exceeds the others’ when passengers adopt a minimum-transfer-path (MTP) strategy. In general, the maximum time efficiency is higher when passengers adopt SP routing rather than MTP routing. Moreover, the Beijing metro system has the highest maximum load ratio, regardless of the passengers’ routing behavior. This paper can be applied to a metro network to optimize the train departure interval under a certain passenger entrance rate, with the aim to maximize the time efficiency and maximum load ratio. Our model permits assessment of the operational effectiveness of metro systems, which helps the metro operators to improve the performance and reduce the cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To exploit users’ heterogeneous data demands, several mobile network operators worldwide have launched the mobile data trading markets, where users can trade mobile data quota with each other. In this paper, we aim to understand the importance of data trading market (DTM) by studying the users’ operator selection and trading decisions, and analyzing the operator’s profit maximizing strategy. We model the interactions between the mobile operator and the users as a three-stage Stackelberg game. In Stage I, the operator chooses the operation fee imposed on sellers to maximize its profit. In Stage II, each user chooses his operator. In Stage III, each DTM user chooses his trading decisions. We derive the closed-form expression of the unique Nash equilibrium (NE) in Stages II and III, where every user proposes the same price such that the total demand matches with the total supply. We further show that the Stage I’s problem is convex and compute the optimal operation fee. Our analysis and numerical results show that an operator with a small initial market share can increase its profit by proposing a DTM, which is in line with the real-world situation in Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and globally referenced global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based vehicular positioning can be achieved in outlier-free open areas. However, the performance of GNSS can be significantly degraded by outlier measurements, such as multipath effects and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) receptions arising from signal reflections of buildings. Inspired by the advantage of batch historical data in resisting outlier measurements, in this paper, we propose a graduated non-convexity factor graph optimization (FGO-GNC) to improve the GNSS positioning performance, where the impact of GNSS outliers is mitigated by estimating the optimal weightings of GNSS measurements. Different from the existing local solutions, the proposed FGO-GNC employs the non-convex Geman McClure (GM) function to globally estimate the weightings of GNSS measurements via a coarse-to-fine relaxation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through several challenging datasets collected in urban canyons of Hong Kong using automobile level and low-cost smartphone level GNSS receivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GNSS/INS integrated solution has been extensively studied over the past decades. However, its performance relies heavily on environmental conditions and sensor costs. The GNSS positioning can obtain satisfactory performance in the open area. Unfortunately, its accuracy can be severely degraded in a highly urbanized area, due to the notorious multipath effects and none-line-of-sight (NLOS) receptions. As a result, excessive GNSS outliers occur, which causes a huge error in GNSS/INS integration. This paper proposes to apply a fish-eye camera to capture the sky view image to further classify the NLOS and line-of-sight (LOS) measurements. In addition, the raw INS and GNSS measurements are tightly integrated using a state-of-the-art probabilistic factor graph model. Instead of excluding the NLOS receptions, this paper makes use of both the NLOS and LOS measurements by treating them with different weightings. Experiments conducted in typical urban canyons of Hong Kong showed that the proposed method could effectively mitigate the effects of GNSS outliers, and an improved accuracy of GNSS/INS integration was obtained, when compared with the conventional GNSS/INS integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) held in Hong Kong, China from July 13-17, 2009. Topics discussed during the conference include overview and opportunities on optical fiber sensors, transmission systems and switching technologies, and optical networks. The conference features several individuals such as Ping-kong Wai, Kin Chiang, and Timothy Tong.

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable emergency power supply is essential to fire services installations. However, the extent of reliability and availability of standby generators in Hong Kong buildings are a query so far. This paper presents a generator reliability survey in Hong Kong. The results regarding fault events, reliability, and availability of standby generators are shown by means of analysis of their fault/failure records. Recommendations on reliable operation of standby generators are also provided in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the annual Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Robotics and Automation Society (RAS) conference, known as the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) held at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center in Hong Kong, China from May31?June 5, 2014. It mentions that conference's theme was "RA: Technologies Enabling New Economic Growth." It also elaborates on the winners of the ICRA 2014 awards under different categories.

Due to the visibility and controllability features of the latest distribution networks, there are potentials to model customer loads through a component-based approach more accurately. The electricity markets started in recent years enable trading and exchanges of electricity among traditional power stations and prosumers. It provides a possibility to improve the optimality of classical volt-var optimization (VVO) schemes. In this paper, a tri-level bottom-up load model and a market-based volt-var optimization (mVVO) model are proposed. The energy-to-voltage (ETV) parameter is proposed in our load model as a substitute for the widely used load-to-voltage (LTV) parameter to reflect long-term load characteristics. The mVVO model using ETV parameters aims to combine the optimal voltage regulation strategies and electricity purchase strategies from wholesale and retail markets for maximum cost saving. The case studies based on real load data of Hong Kong show that by coordinating the voltage regulation methods with market behaviors, utilities can reach a higher level of cost saving, in addition to energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of network structures on small-disturbance voltage stability of power systems in the long-term. A differential-algebraic model is established in terms of network topology characteristics and the aggregate nonlinear recovery load model. We define the weighted load connectivity (WLC) as an index to indicate the stability of network structures. Then robust stability assessment is used to eliminate the impact of uncertain recovery time of loads. The Monte Carlo method is used to study the relationship between WLC and small-disturbance voltage stability (SDVS) for a broad range of network topologies and parameters. We discover from the simulation results that the network with a larger value of WLC has a stronger ability to maintain SDVS. To further study the impact of renewable energy sources (RESs), we improve the system model by including an inverter-based distributed generator in parallel with each aggregated nonlinear dynamic load. The simulation results of the Hong Kong power grid show that the WLC can still indicate the stability of network structures effectively, and the systems with more stable network structures are less impacted by the penetration of RESs. The proposed WLC appears useful in providing guidance for power network planning and operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The four articles in this special section presents extended versions of several outstanding papers from the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium 2011 (PacificVis 2011) which was held in Hong Kong, China, on 1-4 March 2011. The objective of this annual symposium is to foster greater exchange between visualization researchers and practitioners, and to draw more researchers in the Asia-Pacific region to enter this fascinating and rapidly growing area of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After nine years (the maximum three consecutive terms) on the Editorial Board of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (TED), Prof. Kevin Chen, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong (compound semiconductor devices), and Prof. JianJang Huang, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (optoelectronic devices), have stepped down from their Editor positions in the respective fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We characterize the capacity region of the symmetric injective $K$ -user deterministic interference channel for all channel parameters. The achievable rate region is derived by first projecting the achievable rate region of Han–Kobayashi (HK) scheme, which is in terms of common and private rates for each user, along the direction of aggregate rates for each user (i.e., the sum of common and private rates). We then show that the projected region is characterized by only the projection of those facets in the HK region for which the coefficient of common rate and private rate are the same for all users, hence simplifying the region. Furthermore, we derive a tight converse for each facet of the simplified achievable rate region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A successful public-private partnership (PPP) scheme can be described as one that can lead to the delivery of high-quality end products and/or services, which can satisfy the needs of the community, achieve the intended targets/goals of the government, as well as provide a favorable financial return for the private sector involved with the project. This study aims to establish an evaluation framework for the initial feasibility evaluation of a PPP project that would satisfy all the stakeholders. The factors for evaluating the feasibility of PPP projects can be classified into five broad categories: technical; financial and economic; social; political and legal; and others. Through the structural equation modeling approach, data attained from a questionnaire survey conducted in Hong Kong was analyzed and a model was developed to examine the relationships between different evaluation factors and the overall satisfaction of stakeholders. The results indicate that technical and social aspects are critical to the feasibility of PPP projects, and therefore, are the determining factors for success. This paper should assist relevant stakeholders to improve their understanding on the relative importance of the evaluation factors, and help to establish a comprehensive framework for decision makers to evaluate the feasibility of PPP projects. The predictors for PPP project success were also determined to enrich the knowledge base and help formulate management strategies to better implement the PPP project delivery approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to find a robust and sustainable positioning approach in Hong Kong, where the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal is frequently blocked by high buildings, traffic tunnels, etc. After evaluating several kinds of complementary positioning means, the GPS/dead-reckoning (DR)/map-matching (MM) integrated positioning technology is selected. During navigation, if the GPS signal is good enough, the GPS/DR/MM mode will be used; otherwise, the DR/MM mode will be used, and the MM algorithm will correct the DR system in a timely fashion. Generally, if the vehicle is running in a straight road, heading-related parameters in the DR system will be corrected, and if the vehicle makes a turn, both distance- and heading-related parameters will be corrected. Unfortunately, existing MM algorithms show poor performance near a road crossing or in a dense road network. To resolve this problem, based on road traverses and a linear heading-change model, an MM algorithm that considers historical information is proposed. First, a unified point-based MM calculating framework is presented, and the disadvantages of several kinds of existing MM algorithms are also given. After that, a single-line-single-direction road network model is presented, and the MM algorithm is always executed on road traverses instead of a single road so that historical information can be easily kept. By adopting the linear heading-change model, the problem of no analytical solution in the MM that considers heading information is obviated, and the MM ambiguities in road crossings can be greatly removed. Finally, an onsite MM test in Hong Kong is presented, and the test proves that the proposed MM algorithm provides long-time robust positioning performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of recent scandals involving information technology (IT) professionals, the ethics of this profession deserve more attention. This paper reports on the first phase of an initiative to research the ethics of IT professionals. The ethical values of the IT profession in Hong Kong were investigated using an instrument designed to reflect the stages of moral reasoning present in Kohlberg's theory of Cognitive Moral Development. The vast majority of respondents espoused ethical values consistent with both a high level of reasoning and the prevailing societal culture. At the same time, many respondents exhibited considerable uncertainty in their ethical reasoning, indicating a dynamic tension between high and low moral principles. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel superjunction (SJ) lateral double-diffused MOSFET (LDMOS) with a deep High-K (HK) dielectric trench (HK SJ-LDMOS) is proposed and its mechanism is investigated by Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. The HK dielectric trench is embedded under the n+ drain, which is connected with the drain electrode. In the OFF-state, the reshaping effect of HK trench enhances the bulk electric field strength and weakens the peak electric field around the edge of the drain diffusion, which increases the breakdown voltage (BV). Moreover, because of the assistant depletion effect by the HK trench, a lower resistivity substrate is allowed for HK SJ-LDMOS, which also increases the doping concentration of the n-type buffer layer under the SJ layer of HK SJ-LDMOS, correspondingly. Thus, a lower specific ON-resistance (${R}_{ \mathrm{ ON},\text {sp}}$) is also obtained. Simulation results show that the BV increases by 35.2% in comparison with the conventional buffered SJ-LDMOS with the same drift length. Moreover, HK SJ-LDMOS presents an excellent figure of merit, which is two times higher than that of the conventional buffered SJ-LDMOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on events which took place at the 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems held in Hong Kong in May 1996, that highlighted issues relating to work environments. Information on some of the papers written on the issue; Solutions to distributed applications through the use of the Internet.

The 7th IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT 2011) was held in Hong Kong from March 7 to 9, 2011, at the Royal Plaza Hotel. This is located at the center of Kowloon, in the beautiful metropolis of Hong Kong. The workshop was organized by the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves at the City University of Hong Kong, and was sponsored by Agilent Technology, Cascade Microtech, Rohde & Schwarz, and Microwave Vision Group. It was financially sponsored by the Hong Kong Chapter of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation/Microwave Theory and Techniques Societies, and technically co-sponsored by IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. General Co-Chairs of the workshop were Profs. C. H. Chan and K. M. Luk, with the Technical Program Committee being chaired by Prof. Q. Xue. The International Advisory Committee of iWAT was co-chaired by Profs. R. Mittra and Z.-N. Chen (see Figure 1). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]