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We report an ultrathin Au transparent electrode with the thickness of only 4.4 nm based on an S-1805/Ag hybrid nucleation layer and its application in flexible organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) as the replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. The Volmer–Weber growth mode of the deposited Au film has been suppressed successfully by using the hybrid nucleation layer, in which the S-1805 acts as a substrate modification layer and 0.6 nm Ag acts as a seeding layer. The resulting ultrathin Au film with the thickness of 4.4 nm shows high transparency, high conductivity, and ultrasmooth surface. A 25% improvement in efficiency has been demonstrated for the OLEDs with ultrathin Au anodes compared to the ITO-based devices. The application of the high-performance ultrathin Au electrodes in OLEDs results in high flexibility and mechanical robustness with small performance variations after 2100 bending cycles with a 7.5 mm bending radius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3O4 has been demonstrated to be an efficient p-dopant in improving the performance of organic light-emitting devices. This paper investigates in detail the role of Fe3O4 in improving the hole injection and the hole transport by the ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption, x-ray, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that Fe3O4 as a p-dopant has different effectiveness when it is doped into different host materials. The improved properties of the OLEDs with the p-doped N, N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine layer is mainly due to the enhanced hole injection through the lowering of the hole injection barrier, while the enhanced hole transport plays a more important role for the OLEDs with the p-doped 4,4',4”-tris (3-methylphenylphenylamino) triphenylamine due to their higher ability in the formation of charge transfer complex. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Magnetic field effects on tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum-based organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) by employing \Fe3\O4 as a magnetic dopant in the hole-transport layer (HTL) have been studied. The magnetic doped OLEDs exhibit efficient injection and transport of holes, and its performances are further enhanced after a magnetic field is applied. The enhancement of luminance and current efficiency of 20% and 24% has been obtained from the magnetic doped devices, while they are only 8% and 9%, respectively, for the nondoped devices under an applied magnetic field of 500 mT. Organic magnetoresistance induced by the magnetic doped HTL is the main origin of increased electroluminescence for the magnetic doped OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]