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The current study revolves around development of paper from dhaincha fiber (Sesbania aculeata). Dhaincha is a basically cultivated for improvisation of soil quality. Due to deforestation worldwide, various sources of raw materials are used in paper industries. Indian pulp and paper industry is the world's major paper industry. In this study extraction of dhaincha fiber was done followed by retting, combing, chemical analysis and by making of pulp with dhaincha fiber. The dhaincha pulp was then used for making a paper from dhaincha fiber. The thickness of the dhaincha paper was then tested with paper thickness tester. By doing further processing dhaincha paper can be used commercially by paper industry.

In the screening area of the paper mill has the high density impurities which are removed from the pulp and it is stored in the machine chest. The pulp in the machine chest is directly transferred to the head box without removing any medium density sand particles which affects the quality of the pulp. Only if the pulp entering the paper machine is clean and well-mixed with additives a good quality of paper will be produced. So in between the pulp tank and the pulp receiver a medium density cleaner is installed. The pulp in the machine chest is allowed to flow through the round hopper. Due to the circulatory motion and by centrifugal force the high density sand particles will settle in the bottom of the hopper. Due to the centripetal force the pulp is recovered from the hopper. The sand particles that settled in the bottom of the hopper are removed by the periodic opening and closing of the solenoid valves at regular interval of time. The medium density impurities are removed by creating hydro cyclone. These sequential operations are automated and controlled through PLC. So the overall plant efficiency is increased. Since the medium density impurities are removed this ensures the good quality paper production.

Kevlar pulp treated with low-temperature plasma and nano cellulose fibrils (NCFs) have been introduced as reinforcements in the preparation for composite insulating paper with low relative permittivity, dielectric loss, good mechanical properties, and thermal stability. More polar groups of Kevlar fibers could be exposed after plasma treatment. Results showed that the relative permittivity of the composite paper containing 20% Kevlar pulp, 10% NCF, and 70% softwood pulp is decreased by 29.6% and the dielectric loss is decreased by 43.2% at 50 Hz, 25°, compared with the conventional paper formed by pure softwood pulp. The change was due to the introduction of Kevlar pulp with intrinsic low dielectric constant and loss, which decreases the whole polarizability of the paper. The mechanical properties of the composite paper became worse after introducing 20% Kevlar pulp. About 10% NCF can work as a mechanical reinforcement to compensate for the tensile and Yang's modulus loss. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that NCF could fill the void defects and improve the interface bonding of the fibers to enhance the paper mechanical properties. The composite paper also had better insulating and thermal properties than the conventional paper. It has been concluded that the Kevlar pulp/NCF/softwood pulp composite paper has the potential to replace the pure softwood paper for the application of high-voltage ac transformer insulation.

The pulp and paper industry converts roundwood and recycled fibre, collected from wastepaper into printing and writing papers. The pulp and paper mills in Ontario have been facing extreme competitive pressures, which have affected their performance leading to several mill closures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the relative performance of three types of Ontario's pulp and paper mills (using all fibre, only roundwood fibre, and only recycled fibre). This study uses bootstrap data envelopment analysis and the results indicate low levels of overall technical and managerial efficiencies. The results of this study provide policy makers with detailed performance analysis so that future input resources can be reallocated to improve the performance of the pulp and paper mills in Ontario. It is recommended that the pulp and paper mills using recycled fibre require huge capital investments to install de-inking technology to improve performance.

Chinese folk paper-cutting has a long history of development, and it is a major folk art form created by the working people of all ages in our country in order to meet the needs of material and spiritual life, and Return lived in it. It has become a design art rooted in the folk, and it is entrusted with the beautiful expectation of the broad working group from life. Plane composition is a very important part of modern design foundation. Points, lines and surfaces are not only the basic elements of plane composition, but also create a colorful environment atmosphere through the artistic treatment of points, lines and surfaces in different indoor environment designs. Many artistic inspirations of modern design come from folk paper-cutting, and we get creative inspiration and enlightenment from the structure and composition of paper-cutting. By studying the comparison between folk paper-cut art and modern graphic design, this paper tries to provide an innovative way for modern graphic design.

The use of vegetable oil (natural ester) in electrical devices like power transformers is increasing due to their high biodegradability and better safety. The lifespan of power trans- formers is mainly defined by cellulose insulation condition, which usually works together with dielectric oil as electrical insulation and also as mechanical winding protector and compactor. That is why the aim and results of this research shows us not only the dielectric parameters evolution, but also the relationship between the mechanical factors and the moisture content of thermal accelerated ageing processes, with commercial vegetable oil, of Kraft paper and Diamond Dotted Paper (DDP). These are two of the most common insulating materials in electric power transformers. In addition, the new tests have been done by a different method of paper ageing analysis. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement Nº 823969 - BIOTRAFO.

The anaerobic digestion (AD) experiment for recycled pulp and paper sludge (RPPS) was carried out by a CSTR digester “Continious Stirred Tank Reactor” under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) at laboratory scale. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of AD technology of effluents from the RPPS, and applying a thermal pretreatment to the substrate studied in order to improve methane production and biodegradability, as well as monitoring and control process for the two experiments at laboratory scale. It can be seen that thermal pre-treatment has contributed to a significant improvement in methane potential and biodegradability rate. Indeed, these two parameters have increased from 105 to 116 NmL CH4 /g SVadded and from 75 to 81% respectively. The pH average is about 7.83. In these mesophilic conditions, the results got show that AD is a good solution for the treatment of this type of industrial waste.

Economically paper and pulp mills are important but at the same time it is facing problems due to pollutants that are produced during the process. In this paper we will discuss methods of waste water treatment in the industry. This industry use excessive amount of water because it is used in nearly each and every step of the process as a result large quantity of waste water and residual sludge waste is produced leading to the problems of wastewater treatment, discharge and sludge disposal but advanced technologies with new equipment with the help of some innovative strategies are making it possible for treating wastewater for its reuse by presenting solutions to the industries and helping them in choosing suitable and affordable methods for management of waste

The Pulp, Paper, and Forest Industries Conference (PPFIC) sponsored by the IEEE-IAS Pulp and Paper Industry Committee (PPIC) needs more papers from end-users. In an effort to make the process easier, the authors of this paper offer some suggestions. In general, end-users are interested in hearing papers that address concerns and opportunities they experience in their facilities. An excellent way to develop papers that meet the interests of the various end-users is if the end-users themselves write papers on topics that are of interest to them, and therefore of interest to the wider community. For potential authors, this paper suggests a few guidelines that might help in constructing and presenting a paper.

Coaters sections are challenging to tune during the commissioning of a paper machine. This paper presents a detailed mechanical-electrical model of a one-coater section which includes a linear, operating point model of the sheet in the different spans, all the drivetrain components, and the vector controlled ac drives. The sheet model considers tail widening as well as the effect of coating and drying on the sheet elastic constant, activation of the torque current control and the beginning of coating. The developed model allows for complete evaluation of the different transient events including paper slack due to load impacts. Results show that the best performance of the drives is obtained operating the spans with even sheet tensions, which reduces and/or eliminates the operation of the drives in regeneration or braking zones.

The data on nanocellulose preparation from organosolv kenaf pulp and its application in the production of corrugating paper are reported. The influence of technological factors on the properties of nanocellulose films was determined The obtained nanocellulose films had to 1.4 g/cm3density, 78 % transparency, 80 % crystallinity degree and 77 MPa tensile strength. Other properties of nanocellulose were studied by means of XRD, AFM and TGA methods. The corrugating paper with a coating consumption of 5 g/m2nanocellulose has mechanical properties 18-34% higher than paper without the use of surface treatment. The use of obtained nanocellulose as coating layer has great potential to improve fiber-based mechanical and barrier properties of corrugating paper.

Tight assembly of stator windings with no insulation paper damage is a manufacturing challenge. We evaluate different sets of parts according to the following parameters: magnet wire thickness, stator slot smoothness, length of the straight magnet wire after the slot end, and type and amount of insulation cap at the end of the slot. These parameters have discrete values with small differences between them. The damage criterion is the decrease of the insulation paper breakdown voltage after assembly/disassembly of parts, assembled in a small set of designed experiments. Parameter values, i.e., levels at individual experiments are set by an orthogonal experiment matrix. Repetition of each experiment provides statistical significance. Data analysis shows that the additive model alone is not sufficient due to the high correlation of the parameters’ influences. We extend the model to include interparameter influences, which we model by adding a virtual parameter. The extended additive model generates parameter values that do not degrade the insulation paper breakdown voltage within the manufacturing process. These values are verified by repetitions of the control experiment.

The increased demand for highly sensitive body sensors have created a range of smart wearables. Strain sensors have evolved from semi-rigid to highly, stretchable, and flexible devices that can conform to the human skin. In contrast to complex conventional fabrication methods, this paper proposes a simple and cost-effective technique that combines stencil printing with kirigami cutting to produce flexible, stretchable, linear, disposable sensors using temporary tattoo paper and conductive carbon paste. Here, two sensor designs (straight line and serpentine) were fabricated and analyzed. The number of carbon-ink coatings were also varied to study the effect of number of coating layers to the sensitivities of the sensor. A total of117 samples were fabricated and tested. When tested on skin, the maximum strain that could be measured was 20% for the straight-line patterned sensors and 35% for the Kirigami structured sensors. Both designs demonstrated good adhesion to skin, are stretchable, and flexible. The best performing designs with the most reliable data were straight-line type sensor with width 9 mm and three-layer carbon ink coatings, and Kirigami sensor with width 8 mm and two-layer coatings of carbon ink. Both sensors exhibited high linearity of 0.9956 and 0.9813, but low sensitivities of 0.25 and 0.28. These sensors have potential applications in the biomedical field.

This Special Issue is assembled from a selection of highly-rated technical papers presented at the 4th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference 2020, EDTM 2020. It took place during April 6-21, 2020 and signified the 1st of its kind as a virtual conference financially-sponsored by the Electron Devices Society (EDS). The original EDTM 2020 was planned as a full three-day event at the Hotel Equatorial , Penang, Malaysia from March 16 to 18, 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, EDTM 2020 was held as a virtual event .

Renewable energy systems continue to be one of the fastest growing segments of the energy industry. This paper focuses on the understanding of how photovoltaic (PV) technology behaves under dc arc conditions. Emphasis is placed on the electrical safety aspect of DC arc flash incident energy evaluation. Because of the fast proliferation of PV systems and the lack of formal equivalent calculation guidelines such as IEEE 1584 for AC systems, it has been necessary to rely on different equations and models presented by various researchers over the last few years. This paper discusses the behavior of PV systems under arc conditions and presents the results of available methods to estimate the dc arc flash incident energy. This paper provides a comparative analysis of a proposed arc-flash incident energy calculation method against different laboratory tests including those performed for this paper at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Detailed explanations are provided regarding the effect of PV module I-V and P-V curves under arcing conditions. Examples of the application of the proposed calculation method to the test measurements are included.

We have all had those tasks come up that on the surface seems like a very simple 5-minute job. But then things do not go quite as planned. Suddenly, that simple task has now become a major job. People will then tend to start taking short cuts and get complacent in how they complete the repair job. That is when people get hurt or equipment gets damaged. This paper will explain how a very simple task at the author's house garage to replace two ceiling light bulbs and two garage door opener light bulbs turned into over a one-week nightmare. The parallels to the industrial electrical safety world are phenomenal. The other thing that made this job unique is the worker performing the tasks was an unqualified electrical worker that was working under the direct supervision of a qualified worker in a training mode. This paper will examine all the detailed steps that were taken in compliance of NFPA 70E to keep the worker safe while performing in a training mode under difficult situations. When the job was completed, all electrical safety procedures for hazard risk analysis, job briefing, individual responsibilities, lock out tag out, PPE, and fall protection were followed. No one was injured and the unqualified worker gained a lot of new experience and is now trained to meet the NFPA 70E definition of a qualified worker to perform these tasks in the future. Moral of the story is there is no such thing as a 5-minute job in life. You must plan accordingly

Stationary Battery Systems provide the control and reserve power for modern life as we know it. These systems provide control power for switchgear and automated controls, the power for field flashing of generators, emergency lube oil and seal oil pumps and other critical motors, the reserve power for UPS systems, and the operating power for critical communication systems. In short these battery systems make modern life possible, and they surround us. Stationary Battery Systems present unique maintenance hazards due to the availability of high currents, lethal voltages, flammable/explosive gas, and corrosive chemicals. All work on stationary batteries is energized work. This paper will show that we can make the stationary battery systems safer today by implementing a few well thought out, yet simple and low-cost system design changes that reduce the potential for injury and death while ensuring that the battery system can be safely maintained throughout its service life. Another major concern addressed in the paper is the designing of simple protection devices that guard against Human Performance failings. “Things Happen”. By learning from experience, we can provide simple design changes that reduce the potential of things like short circuits caused by dropped wrenches. We will also address the need to guard against fixing one problem only to inadvertently produce another. Prevention through Design for Stationary batteries …Its time has come, and it's about time!