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A compact interlinking converter modular (ICM) for hybrid ac/dc microgrids with a distributed storage (DS) bus for storage integration is proposed in this article. The advanced ICM for hybrid ac/dc/ds microgrids involves the nine-switch topology with compact configuration and decreased number of active operating switches, which structurally equivalents to afford a dc interconnection port for dc subgrid, an ac interconnection port for ac subgrid, a ds interconnection port for ds subgrid, and two dc–dc converters for the interconnection ports for parallel DSs. In addition to the popular advantage of component elements saving, the suggested ICM, aggregating various interlinking converter cells (ICCs) into an ICM, is also proficient of participating computations from all ICC sensors to enhance the overall modular performance without building extra communication connection links between ICCs. With this in mind, a decentralized power management control strategy is realized by employing a coordination power control methodology to systematically handle various distributed generations (DGs), DSs, and ICM in a decentralized manner with improved communication fault ride-through capability. The controller hardware-in-the-loop experiments on a real-time digital simulator platform validates the achievement of the advanced ICM application in hybrid ac/dc/ds microgrids and the effectiveness of the associated decentralized power management scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a novel reduced order average model for dual-active-bridge converter which can be applied to all modulation methods, such as single-phase-shift modulation, dual-phase-shift modulation, extended-phase-shift modulation and triple-phase-shift modulation. This model considers conduction, inductance, and transformer power losses. Furthermore, the input–output filters are suitable for system performance analysis. Based on the large-signal average model, the small-signal model and the output transfer function are derived. The detailed model for predicting the large-signal transient is established and the small signal analysis in frequency domain is carried out. This model can accurately predict the steady-state and transient-state response of the system. The experimental results agreed well with the simulation results which proved the accuracy and correctness of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In dc microgrid, energy storage system (ESS) plays a crucial role to provide short-or-long term and high-quality electric energy. The different control strategies for bidirectional dc-dc converter (BDC) of ESS in grid-tied and islanded modes pose challenges to the coordination control of the dc microgrid. This paper proposes an autonomous control scheme for the BDC in dc microgrid. The proposed control scheme is based on $V^2-P$ droop control and unifies bus voltage regulation and power regulation in a single control structure. Thus, global smooth transition between various operation modes can be achieved without any control strategy changes, which avoids various mode switch detection mechanisms and improves system stability. Furthermore, the proposed control scheme is fully decentralized which reduces the reliance on communication, and enhances the reliability of the microgrid. On the other hand, $V^2-P$ droop approach eliminates the negative effect of widespread constant power loads (CPLs) in dc microgrid. The stability of the proposed control method is illustrated, and the design guideline of some critical control gains is addressed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated by the real-time hardware-in-loop (HIL) platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]