1. Assessing Synergy/Redundancy of Baroreflex and Non-Baroreflex Components of the Cardiac Control during Sleep
- Author
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Beatrice De Maria, Giovanna Calandra Buonaura, Alberto Porta, Daniela Lucini, Pietro Guaraldi, Massimo Pagani, Vlasta Bari, Federica Provini, Pietro Cortelli, Emanuele Vaini, Beatrice Cairo, Cairo B., Bari V., De Maria B., Vaini E., Guaraldi P., Lucini D., Pagani M., Provini F., Calandra-Buonaura G., Cortelli P., and Porta A.
- Subjects
Sleep Stages ,Systole ,Computer science ,0206 medical engineering ,PID controller ,Heart ,02 engineering and technology ,Mutual information ,cardiac control during sleep ,Baroreflex ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Non-rapid eye movement sleep ,03 medical and health sciences ,non-baroreflex ,0302 clinical medicine ,Heart Rate ,Redundancy (engineering) ,Humans ,Arterial Pressure ,baroreflex ,Sleep (system call) ,Sleep ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Balance (ability) - Abstract
Cardiovascular regulation and autonomic function change across sleep stages and compared to wake. Little information is present in literature about cardiac control during sleep especially in relation to new information-theoretic quantities such as synergy and redundancy. In the present work we compute synergy and redundancy of baroreflex and non-baroreflex components of the cardiac control according to two information-theoretic approaches, namely predictive information decomposition (PID) and minimal mutual information (MMI) methods. We applied a bivariate approach to heart period (HP) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) beat-to-beat variability series during sleep in a healthy subject. PID approach computes the net balance between synergy and redundancy, while MMI calculates the two quantities as separate entities. Results suggested that: i) redundancy was dominant over synergy during NREM phases; ii) redundancy increased during NREM phase; iii) synergy did not change across the sleep stages. We interpret this result as a consequence of the vagal enhancement, slowing and deepening of respiration during NREM phases. These preliminary findings support the potential of assessing redundancy/synergy of baroreflex-related and unrelated regulations during sleep to improve our knowledge about physiological mechanisms.
- Published
- 2019