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A significant amount of green power is being installed at the distribution level through the installation of green power generation facilities in the U.S. and Canada. This paper discusses green-power-generating sources (of 10 MW or less), which are connected to the utility system at the distribution level, and their impact on the distribution system. This paper also discusses the impact of smart grid and whether this new technology can solve some of the issues raised in this paper. Distribution circuits are designed to supply radial loads. Therefore, the introduction of green generation could mean redistribution of fault and load currents on the feeder circuit, overvoltage, and ferroresonance, plus a possible loss of protection system coordination—all of which can result in customer outages. This paper discusses these issues which are generally not well understood by many distribution protection engineers and can adversely affect distribution system reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper describes several small printed circuit board planar antennas that can be integrated with amplifiers for short-range vehicle wireless communication. The antennas are designed for the 315-MHz frequency band, which is commonly used for control and security devices in the USA and Canada. Each antenna has dimensions of 50 × 70 mm (much less than the free-space wavelength λ = 0.95 m) and is implemented on FR-4 dielectric substrate. These investigated antennas were compared with respect to input impedance, radiation resistance, radiation efficiency, directivity, directionality, bandwidth, matching system complexity, and gain. This paper also includes experimental verification of the final antenna design in the vehicle. It is shown that the antenna diversity method can increase communication range for remote keyless entry systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses power-system instability and the importance of fast fault-clearing performance to aid in reliable production of power. An explanation regarding small-signal stability, high-impedance transmission lines, line loading, and high-gain fast-acting excitation systems is provided. Transient stability is discussed, including synchronizing and damping torques. The power-angle curve is used to illustrate how fault-clearing time and high initial response excitation systems can affect transient stability. The term "power-system stability" has become increasingly popular in generation and transmission. The sudden requirement for power-system stabilizers (PSSs) has created confusion about their applicability, purpose, and benefit to the system. This paper discusses the fundamentals of the PSS and its effectiveness. In today's paper industry, PSSs are being applied on larger machines in the northwest United States and Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant banter to improving, the power quality at industrial facilities is the lack of contemporaneous and historical power quality and reliability data. A new Web-enabled near-real-time power quality and reliability monitoring system, termed 1-Grid, has been developed to provide such information on a nationwide basis. The ultralow-cost sensors record power events and send event data via the Internet to the system database servers using an internal modem. Data display, e-mail event notification, site administration, and summary reporting of the data are achieved via a Web browser. In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, the Electric Power Research Institute, and leading utilities and manufacturers, the deployment of these sensors has begun, with a target deployment of 50 000 monitors across the U.S. and Canada over the next 2-4 years. This paper discusses the implementation of this grid information resource, and discusses data captured by the network since early monitors were deployed in 2001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the observed or desired stability results of each decision maker (DM) and the equilibrium of a conflict, an algorithm is proposed that determines whether the Nash, general metarationality, symmetric metarationality or sequential stability definition best explains the observations or how to achieve the desired equilibrium. The matrix representation of the graph model for conflict resolution, normally used to determine stabilities that reflect different models of human interaction in conflict, is utilized here to keep track of available one-step moves for each DM, as well as the DMs’ relative preferences among states. A key theorem involving matrix representation of graph models determines which stability types are consistent with the observations or achievement of the desired equilibrium, taking into account specified preferences of the DMs, for the case of two or more DMs. To illustrate the use of the algorithm in practice, behavioral analysis is applied to a softwood lumber dispute between Canada and the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report is based on a survey of power engineering education resources in the U.S. and Canada similar to 12 earlier such efforts. This survey is conducted to determine the electric power engineering education resources available in Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET)-accredited engineering programs in the U.S. and Canada for the 2005-2006 academic year. The report is limited to colleges and universities that replied to a questionnaire on a voluntary basis. For the 125 colleges and universities (115 U.S., 10 Canadian) that submitted data on their power programs, the report contains a list of faculty active during the 2005-2006 academic year with academic participation and professional experience, each school's research area and funding levels, Ph.D. and M.S. student enrollment by type of support and by domestic versus international, and each school's power course offerings with enrollments and other data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report is based on a survey of power engineering education resources in the U.S. and Canada similar to 12 earlier such efforts. This survey is conducted to determine the electric power engineering education resources available in Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET) accredited engineering programs in the U.S. and Canada for the 2001-02 academic year. The report is limited to colleges and universities that replied to a questionnaire on a voluntary basis. For the 115 colleges and universities (107 U.S., S Canadian) that submitted data on their power programs, the report contains a list of faculty active during the 2001-02 academic year with academic participation and professional experience, each school's research area and funding levels, Ph.D. and MS student enrollment by type of support and by domestic versus international, and each school's power course offerings with enrollments and other data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]