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State-of-the-art object detectors typically use shape information as a low level feature representation to capture the local structure of an object. This paper shows that early fusion of shape and color, as is popular in image classification, leads to a significant drop in performance for object detection. Moreover, such approaches also yields suboptimal results for object categories with varying importance of color and shape. In this paper we propose the use of color attributes as an explicit color representation for object detection. Color attributes are compact, computationally efficient, and when combined with traditional shape features provide state-of-the-art results for object detection. Our method is tested on the PASCAL VOC 2007 and 2009 datasets and results clearly show that our method improves over state-of-the-art techniques despite its simplicity. We also introduce a new dataset consisting of cartoon character images in which color plays a pivotal role. On this dataset, our approach yields a significant gain of 14% in mean AP over conventional state-of-the-art methods., CUAS

Estimating the position of a 3-dimensional world point given its 2-dimensional projections in a set of images is a key component in numerous computer vision systems. There are several methods dealing with this problem, ranging from sub-optimal, linear least square triangulation in two views, to finding the world point that minimized the L2-reprojection error in three views. This leads to the statistically optimal estimate under the assumption of Gaussian noise. In this paper we present a solution to the optimal triangulation in three views. The standard approach for solving the three-view triangulation problem is to find a closed-form solution. In contrast to this, we propose a new method based on an iterative scheme. The method is rigorously tested on both synthetic and real image data with corresponding ground truth, on a midrange desktop PC and a Raspberry Pi, a low-end mobile platform. We are able to improve the precision achieved by the closed-form solvers and reach a speed-up of two orders of magnitude compared to the current state-of-the-art solver. In numbers, this amounts to around 300K triangulations per second on the PC and 30K triangulations per second on Raspberry Pi.

Estimating the position of a 3-dimensional world point given its 2-dimensional projections in a set of images is a key component in numerous computer vision systems. There are several methods dealing with this problem, ranging from sub-optimal, linear least square triangulation in two views, to finding the world point that minimized the L2-reprojection error in three views. This leads to the statistically optimal estimate under the assumption of Gaussian noise. In this paper we present a solution to the optimal triangulation in three views. The standard approach for solving the three-view triangulation problem is to find a closed-form solution. In contrast to this, we propose a new method based on an iterative scheme. The method is rigorously tested on both synthetic and real image data with corresponding ground truth, on a midrange desktop PC and a Raspberry Pi, a low-end mobile platform. We are able to improve the precision achieved by the closed-form solvers and reach a speed-up of two orders of magnitude compared to the current state-of-the-art solver. In numbers, this amounts to around 300K triangulations per second on the PC and 30K triangulations per second on Raspberry Pi.

Estimating the position of a 3-dimensional world point given its 2-dimensional projections in a set of images is a key component in numerous computer vision systems. There are several methods dealing with this problem, ranging from sub-optimal, linear least square triangulation in two views, to finding the world point that minimized the L2-reprojection error in three views. This leads to the statistically optimal estimate under the assumption of Gaussian noise. In this paper we present a solution to the optimal triangulation in three views. The standard approach for solving the three-view triangulation problem is to find a closed-form solution. In contrast to this, we propose a new method based on an iterative scheme. The method is rigorously tested on both synthetic and real image data with corresponding ground truth, on a midrange desktop PC and a Raspberry Pi, a low-end mobile platform. We are able to improve the precision achieved by the closed-form solvers and reach a speed-up of two orders of magnitude compared to the current state-of-the-art solver. In numbers, this amounts to around 300K triangulations per second on the PC and 30K triangulations per second on Raspberry Pi.

Estimating the position of a 3-dimensional world point given its 2-dimensional projections in a set of images is a key component in numerous computer vision systems. There are several methods dealing with this problem, ranging from sub-optimal, linear least square triangulation in two views, to finding the world point that minimized the L2-reprojection error in three views. This leads to the statistically optimal estimate under the assumption of Gaussian noise. In this paper we present a solution to the optimal triangulation in three views. The standard approach for solving the three-view triangulation problem is to find a closed-form solution. In contrast to this, we propose a new method based on an iterative scheme. The method is rigorously tested on both synthetic and real image data with corresponding ground truth, on a midrange desktop PC and a Raspberry Pi, a low-end mobile platform. We are able to improve the precision achieved by the closed-form solvers and reach a speed-up of two orders of magnitude compared to the current state-of-the-art solver. In numbers, this amounts to around 300K triangulations per second on the PC and 30K triangulations per second on Raspberry Pi.

Estimating the position of a 3-dimensional world point given its 2-dimensional projections in a set of images is a key component in numerous computer vision systems. There are several methods dealing with this problem, ranging from sub-optimal, linear least square triangulation in two views, to finding the world point that minimized the L2-reprojection error in three views. This leads to the statistically optimal estimate under the assumption of Gaussian noise. In this paper we present a solution to the optimal triangulation in three views. The standard approach for solving the three-view triangulation problem is to find a closed-form solution. In contrast to this, we propose a new method based on an iterative scheme. The method is rigorously tested on both synthetic and real image data with corresponding ground truth, on a midrange desktop PC and a Raspberry Pi, a low-end mobile platform. We are able to improve the precision achieved by the closed-form solvers and reach a speed-up of two orders of magnitude compared to the current state-of-the-art solver. In numbers, this amounts to around 300K triangulations per second on the PC and 30K triangulations per second on Raspberry Pi.

This paper presents an autonomous robotic system that incorporates novel Computer Vision, Machine Learning and Data Mining algorithms in order to learn to navigate and discover important visual entities. This is achieved within a Learning from Demonstration (LfD) framework, where policies are derived from example state-to-action mappings. For autonomous navigation, a mapping is learnt from holistic image features (GIST) onto control parameters using Random Forest regression. Additionally, visual entities (road signs e.g. STOP sign) that are strongly associated to autonomously discovered modes of action (e.g. stopping behaviour) are discovered through a novel Percept-Action Mining methodology. The resulting sign detector is learnt without any supervision (no image labeling or bounding box annotations are used). The complete system is demonstrated on a fully autonomous robotic platform, featuring a single camera mounted on a standard remote control car. The robot carries a PC laptop, that performs all the processing on board and in real-time., ELLIIT, ETT, CUAS, UK EPSRC: EP/H023135/1

This paper presents an autonomous robotic system that incorporates novel Computer Vision, Machine Learning and Data Mining algorithms in order to learn to navigate and discover important visual entities. This is achieved within a Learning from Demonstration (LfD) framework, where policies are derived from example state-to-action mappings. For autonomous navigation, a mapping is learnt from holistic image features (GIST) onto control parameters using Random Forest regression. Additionally, visual entities (road signs e.g. STOP sign) that are strongly associated to autonomously discovered modes of action (e.g. stopping behaviour) are discovered through a novel Percept-Action Mining methodology. The resulting sign detector is learnt without any supervision (no image labeling or bounding box annotations are used). The complete system is demonstrated on a fully autonomous robotic platform, featuring a single camera mounted on a standard remote control car. The robot carries a PC laptop, that performs all the processing on board and in real-time., ELLIIT, ETT, CUAS, UK EPSRC: EP/H023135/1

This paper presents an autonomous robotic system that incorporates novel Computer Vision, Machine Learning and Data Mining algorithms in order to learn to navigate and discover important visual entities. This is achieved within a Learning from Demonstration (LfD) framework, where policies are derived from example state-to-action mappings. For autonomous navigation, a mapping is learnt from holistic image features (GIST) onto control parameters using Random Forest regression. Additionally, visual entities (road signs e.g. STOP sign) that are strongly associated to autonomously discovered modes of action (e.g. stopping behaviour) are discovered through a novel Percept-Action Mining methodology. The resulting sign detector is learnt without any supervision (no image labeling or bounding box annotations are used). The complete system is demonstrated on a fully autonomous robotic platform, featuring a single camera mounted on a standard remote control car. The robot carries a PC laptop, that performs all the processing on board and in real-time., ELLIIT, ETT, CUAS, UK EPSRC: EP/H023135/1

This paper presents an autonomous robotic system that incorporates novel Computer Vision, Machine Learning and Data Mining algorithms in order to learn to navigate and discover important visual entities. This is achieved within a Learning from Demonstration (LfD) framework, where policies are derived from example state-to-action mappings. For autonomous navigation, a mapping is learnt from holistic image features (GIST) onto control parameters using Random Forest regression. Additionally, visual entities (road signs e.g. STOP sign) that are strongly associated to autonomously discovered modes of action (e.g. stopping behaviour) are discovered through a novel Percept-Action Mining methodology. The resulting sign detector is learnt without any supervision (no image labeling or bounding box annotations are used). The complete system is demonstrated on a fully autonomous robotic platform, featuring a single camera mounted on a standard remote control car. The robot carries a PC laptop, that performs all the processing on board and in real-time., ELLIIT, ETT, CUAS, UK EPSRC: EP/H023135/1

This paper presents an autonomous robotic system that incorporates novel Computer Vision, Machine Learning and Data Mining algorithms in order to learn to navigate and discover important visual entities. This is achieved within a Learning from Demonstration (LfD) framework, where policies are derived from example state-to-action mappings. For autonomous navigation, a mapping is learnt from holistic image features (GIST) onto control parameters using Random Forest regression. Additionally, visual entities (road signs e.g. STOP sign) that are strongly associated to autonomously discovered modes of action (e.g. stopping behaviour) are discovered through a novel Percept-Action Mining methodology. The resulting sign detector is learnt without any supervision (no image labeling or bounding box annotations are used). The complete system is demonstrated on a fully autonomous robotic platform, featuring a single camera mounted on a standard remote control car. The robot carries a PC laptop, that performs all the processing on board and in real-time., ELLIIT, ETT, CUAS, UK EPSRC: EP/H023135/1

In this paper, we present a model-based video coding method that uses input from colour and depth cameras, such as the Microsoft Kinect. The model-based approach uses a 3D representation of the scene, enabling several other applications besides video playback. Some of these applications are stereoscopic viewing, object insertion for augmented reality and free viewpoint viewing. The video encoding step uses computer vision to estimate the camera motion. The scene geometry is represented by keyframes, which are encoded as 3D quadsusing a quadtree, allowing good compression rates. Camera motion in-between keyframes is approximated to be linear. The relative camera positions at keyframes and the scene geometry are then compressed and transmitted to the decoder. Our experiments demonstrate that the model-based approach delivers a high level of detail at competitively low bitrates.

We address the problem of reducing the number offalse alarms among automatically detected leakages in districtheating networks. The leakages are detected in images capturedby an airborne thermal camera, and each detection correspondsto an image region with abnormally high temperature. Thisapproach yields a significant number of false positives, and wepropose to reduce this number in two steps. First, we use abuilding segmentation scheme in order to remove detectionson buildings. Second, we extract features from the detectionsand use a Random forest classifier on the remaining detections.We provide extensive experimental analysis on real-world data,showing that this post-processing step significantly improves theusefulness of the system.

We address the problem of reducing the number offalse alarms among automatically detected leakages in districtheating networks. The leakages are detected in images capturedby an airborne thermal camera, and each detection correspondsto an image region with abnormally high temperature. Thisapproach yields a significant number of false positives, and wepropose to reduce this number in two steps. First, we use abuilding segmentation scheme in order to remove detectionson buildings. Second, we extract features from the detectionsand use a Random forest classifier on the remaining detections.We provide extensive experimental analysis on real-world data,showing that this post-processing step significantly improves theusefulness of the system.

We address the problem of reducing the number offalse alarms among automatically detected leakages in districtheating networks. The leakages are detected in images capturedby an airborne thermal camera, and each detection correspondsto an image region with abnormally high temperature. Thisapproach yields a significant number of false positives, and wepropose to reduce this number in two steps. First, we use abuilding segmentation scheme in order to remove detectionson buildings. Second, we extract features from the detectionsand use a Random forest classifier on the remaining detections.We provide extensive experimental analysis on real-world data,showing that this post-processing step significantly improves theusefulness of the system.

We address the problem of reducing the number offalse alarms among automatically detected leakages in districtheating networks. The leakages are detected in images capturedby an airborne thermal camera, and each detection correspondsto an image region with abnormally high temperature. Thisapproach yields a significant number of false positives, and wepropose to reduce this number in two steps. First, we use abuilding segmentation scheme in order to remove detectionson buildings. Second, we extract features from the detectionsand use a Random forest classifier on the remaining detections.We provide extensive experimental analysis on real-world data,showing that this post-processing step significantly improves theusefulness of the system.

We propose an algorithm that can capture sharp, low-noise images in low-light conditions on a hand-held smartphone. We make use of the recent ability to acquire bursts of high resolution images on high-end models such as the iPhone5s. Frames are aligned, or stacked, using rolling shutter correction, based on motion estimated from the built-in gyro sensors and image feature tracking. After stacking, the images may be combined, using e.g. averaging to produce a sharp, low-noise photo. We have tested the algorithm on a variety of different scenes, using several different smartphones. We compare our method to denoising, direct stacking, as well as a global-shutter based stacking, with favourable results., VPS

We address the problem of reducing the number offalse alarms among automatically detected leakages in districtheating networks. The leakages are detected in images capturedby an airborne thermal camera, and each detection correspondsto an image region with abnormally high temperature. Thisapproach yields a significant number of false positives, and wepropose to reduce this number in two steps. First, we use abuilding segmentation scheme in order to remove detectionson buildings. Second, we extract features from the detectionsand use a Random forest classifier on the remaining detections.We provide extensive experimental analysis on real-world data,showing that this post-processing step significantly improves theusefulness of the system.

Many RGB-D sensors, e.g. the Microsoft Kinect, use rolling shutter cameras. Such cameras produce geometrically distorted images when the sensor is moving. To mitigate these rolling shutter distortions we propose a method that uses an attached gyroscope to rectify the depth scans. We also present a simple scheme to calibrate the relative pose and time synchronization between the gyro and a rolling shutter RGB-D sensor. We examine the effectiveness of our rectification scheme by coupling it with the the Kinect Fusion algorithm. By comparing Kinect Fusion models obtained from raw sensor scans and from rectified scans, we demonstrate improvement for three classes of sensor motion: panning motions causes slant distortions, and tilt motions cause vertically elongated or compressed objects. For wobble we also observe a loss of detail, compared to the reconstruction using rectified depth scans. As our method relies on gyroscope readings, the amount of computations required is negligible compared to the cost of running Kinect Fusion., Embodied Visual Object Recognition

A method for online global pose estimation of aerial images by alignment with a georeferenced 3D model is presented.Motion stereo is used to reconstruct a dense local height patch from an image pair. The global pose is inferred from the 3D transform between the local height patch and the model.For efficiency, the sought 3D similarity transform is found by least-squares minimizations of three 2D subproblems.The method does not require any landmarks or reference points in the 3D model, but an approximate initialization of the global pose, in our case provided by onboard navigation sensors, is assumed.Real aerial images from helicopter and aircraft flights are used to evaluate the method. The results show that the accuracy of the position and orientation estimates is significantly improved compared to the initialization and our method is more robust than competing methods on similar datasets.The proposed matching error computed between the transformed patch and the map clearly indicates whether a reliable pose estimate has been obtained.

A method for online global pose estimation of aerial images by alignment with a georeferenced 3D model is presented.Motion stereo is used to reconstruct a dense local height patch from an image pair. The global pose is inferred from the 3D transform between the local height patch and the model.For efficiency, the sought 3D similarity transform is found by least-squares minimizations of three 2D subproblems.The method does not require any landmarks or reference points in the 3D model, but an approximate initialization of the global pose, in our case provided by onboard navigation sensors, is assumed.Real aerial images from helicopter and aircraft flights are used to evaluate the method. The results show that the accuracy of the position and orientation estimates is significantly improved compared to the initialization and our method is more robust than competing methods on similar datasets.The proposed matching error computed between the transformed patch and the map clearly indicates whether a reliable pose estimate has been obtained.

A method for online global pose estimation of aerial images by alignment with a georeferenced 3D model is presented.Motion stereo is used to reconstruct a dense local height patch from an image pair. The global pose is inferred from the 3D transform between the local height patch and the model.For efficiency, the sought 3D similarity transform is found by least-squares minimizations of three 2D subproblems.The method does not require any landmarks or reference points in the 3D model, but an approximate initialization of the global pose, in our case provided by onboard navigation sensors, is assumed.Real aerial images from helicopter and aircraft flights are used to evaluate the method. The results show that the accuracy of the position and orientation estimates is significantly improved compared to the initialization and our method is more robust than competing methods on similar datasets.The proposed matching error computed between the transformed patch and the map clearly indicates whether a reliable pose estimate has been obtained.

Many RGB-D sensors, e.g. the Microsoft Kinect, use rolling shutter cameras. Such cameras produce geometrically distorted images when the sensor is moving. To mitigate these rolling shutter distortions we propose a method that uses an attached gyroscope to rectify the depth scans. We also present a simple scheme to calibrate the relative pose and time synchronization between the gyro and a rolling shutter RGB-D sensor. We examine the effectiveness of our rectification scheme by coupling it with the the Kinect Fusion algorithm. By comparing Kinect Fusion models obtained from raw sensor scans and from rectified scans, we demonstrate improvement for three classes of sensor motion: panning motions causes slant distortions, and tilt motions cause vertically elongated or compressed objects. For wobble we also observe a loss of detail, compared to the reconstruction using rectified depth scans. As our method relies on gyroscope readings, the amount of computations required is negligible compared to the cost of running Kinect Fusion., Embodied Visual Object Recognition

A method for online global pose estimation of aerial images by alignment with a georeferenced 3D model is presented.Motion stereo is used to reconstruct a dense local height patch from an image pair. The global pose is inferred from the 3D transform between the local height patch and the model.For efficiency, the sought 3D similarity transform is found by least-squares minimizations of three 2D subproblems.The method does not require any landmarks or reference points in the 3D model, but an approximate initialization of the global pose, in our case provided by onboard navigation sensors, is assumed.Real aerial images from helicopter and aircraft flights are used to evaluate the method. The results show that the accuracy of the position and orientation estimates is significantly improved compared to the initialization and our method is more robust than competing methods on similar datasets.The proposed matching error computed between the transformed patch and the map clearly indicates whether a reliable pose estimate has been obtained.

Many RGB-D sensors, e.g. the Microsoft Kinect, use rolling shutter cameras. Such cameras produce geometrically distorted images when the sensor is moving. To mitigate these rolling shutter distortions we propose a method that uses an attached gyroscope to rectify the depth scans. We also present a simple scheme to calibrate the relative pose and time synchronization between the gyro and a rolling shutter RGB-D sensor. We examine the effectiveness of our rectification scheme by coupling it with the the Kinect Fusion algorithm. By comparing Kinect Fusion models obtained from raw sensor scans and from rectified scans, we demonstrate improvement for three classes of sensor motion: panning motions causes slant distortions, and tilt motions cause vertically elongated or compressed objects. For wobble we also observe a loss of detail, compared to the reconstruction using rectified depth scans. As our method relies on gyroscope readings, the amount of computations required is negligible compared to the cost of running Kinect Fusion., Embodied Visual Object Recognition

Many RGB-D sensors, e.g. the Microsoft Kinect, use rolling shutter cameras. Such cameras produce geometrically distorted images when the sensor is moving. To mitigate these rolling shutter distortions we propose a method that uses an attached gyroscope to rectify the depth scans. We also present a simple scheme to calibrate the relative pose and time synchronization between the gyro and a rolling shutter RGB-D sensor. We examine the effectiveness of our rectification scheme by coupling it with the the Kinect Fusion algorithm. By comparing Kinect Fusion models obtained from raw sensor scans and from rectified scans, we demonstrate improvement for three classes of sensor motion: panning motions causes slant distortions, and tilt motions cause vertically elongated or compressed objects. For wobble we also observe a loss of detail, compared to the reconstruction using rectified depth scans. As our method relies on gyroscope readings, the amount of computations required is negligible compared to the cost of running Kinect Fusion., Embodied Visual Object Recognition

Many RGB-D sensors, e.g. the Microsoft Kinect, use rolling shutter cameras. Such cameras produce geometrically distorted images when the sensor is moving. To mitigate these rolling shutter distortions we propose a method that uses an attached gyroscope to rectify the depth scans. We also present a simple scheme to calibrate the relative pose and time synchronization between the gyro and a rolling shutter RGB-D sensor. We examine the effectiveness of our rectification scheme by coupling it with the the Kinect Fusion algorithm. By comparing Kinect Fusion models obtained from raw sensor scans and from rectified scans, we demonstrate improvement for three classes of sensor motion: panning motions causes slant distortions, and tilt motions cause vertically elongated or compressed objects. For wobble we also observe a loss of detail, compared to the reconstruction using rectified depth scans. As our method relies on gyroscope readings, the amount of computations required is negligible compared to the cost of running Kinect Fusion., Embodied Visual Object Recognition

We analyze the consequences of instabilities and fluctuations, such as camera shaking and illumination/exposure changes, on typical surveillance video material and devise a systematic way to compensate these changes as much as possible. The phase correlation method plays a decisive role in the proposed scheme, since it is inherently insensitive to gain and offset changes, as well as insensitive against different linear degradations (due to time-variant motion blur) in subsequent images. We show that the listed variations can be compensated effectively, and the image data can be equilibrated significantly before a temporal change detection and/or a background-based detection is performed. We verify the usefulness of the method by comparative tests with and without stabilization, using the changedetection.net benchmark and several state-of-the-art detections methods.

A method for online global pose estimation of aerial images by alignment with a georeferenced 3D model is presented.Motion stereo is used to reconstruct a dense local height patch from an image pair. The global pose is inferred from the 3D transform between the local height patch and the model.For efficiency, the sought 3D similarity transform is found by least-squares minimizations of three 2D subproblems.The method does not require any landmarks or reference points in the 3D model, but an approximate initialization of the global pose, in our case provided by onboard navigation sensors, is assumed.Real aerial images from helicopter and aircraft flights are used to evaluate the method. The results show that the accuracy of the position and orientation estimates is significantly improved compared to the initialization and our method is more robust than competing methods on similar datasets.The proposed matching error computed between the transformed patch and the map clearly indicates whether a reliable pose estimate has been obtained.

Many RGB-D sensors, e.g. the Microsoft Kinect, use rolling shutter cameras. Such cameras produce geometrically distorted images when the sensor is moving. To mitigate these rolling shutter distortions we propose a method that uses an attached gyroscope to rectify the depth scans. We also present a simple scheme to calibrate the relative pose and time synchronization between the gyro and a rolling shutter RGB-D sensor. We examine the effectiveness of our rectification scheme by coupling it with the the Kinect Fusion algorithm. By comparing Kinect Fusion models obtained from raw sensor scans and from rectified scans, we demonstrate improvement for three classes of sensor motion: panning motions causes slant distortions, and tilt motions cause vertically elongated or compressed objects. For wobble we also observe a loss of detail, compared to the reconstruction using rectified depth scans. As our method relies on gyroscope readings, the amount of computations required is negligible compared to the cost of running Kinect Fusion., Embodied Visual Object Recognition

A new approach to track bicycles from imagery sensor data is proposed. It is based on detecting ellipsoids in the images, and treat these pair-wise using a dynamic bicycle model. One important application area is in automotive collision avoidance systems, where no dedicated systems for bicyclists yet exist and where very few theoretical studies have been published. Possible conflicts can be predicted from the position and velocity state in the model, but also from the steering wheel articulation and roll angle that indicate yaw changes before the velocity vector changes. An algorithm is proposed which consists of an ellipsoid detection and estimation algorithm and a particle filter. A simulation study of three critical single target scenarios is presented, and the algorithm is shown to produce excellent state estimates. An experiment using a stationary camera and the particle filter for state estimation is performed and has shown encouraging results.