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The present study focused on issues related to gender equality and education, more specifically on university students' perceptions of gender inequality and its manifestations, with emphasis on domestic violence, justice application and execution of the respective penalties and its relationship with education. In particular, it was important to find out whether the resulting discrimination concerns them and, especially, about the sectors where inequality is most pronounced and its consequences. One objective sought to ascertain whether teaching in schools has contributed to increasing knowledge, understanding and promotion of gender equality, as well as whether, and to what extent, in universities the syllabus of curricular units dedicated to fundamental rights and constitutional law include this problematic within them. Another objective was to find out if there is sufficient scientific research carried out in this area and if that which exists is appropriate to contribute to a better life and a better future with respect to this theme. The methodology followed consisted in the elaboration of a questionnaire with questions addressed to Brazilian students, of both genders, coming from the most diverse states of Brazil, varying their ages between 30/40 years, who were virtually attending the Master's Degree Course in Law, in the 2nd semester of the present academic year (2020-2021), at the Portucalense University, Portugal. The aim was to understand the perception of the students, who already have professional experience in the area of legal sciences, on the topic based on the reality experienced in Brazil. The survey was answered anonymously and freely. The results showed that the overwhelming majority of students consider that gender equality between men and women is not realised in reality and have no doubts in stating that women are more disadvantaged. There is also a large majority who consider that it is at work where inequality is more accentuated. On the impact on education, almost all those who responded to the survey agree that more learning and better information are needed to combat inequality. On the other hand, however, almost all the students consider that young people of the 21st century are more informed about gender equality and that schools have contributed to this, leading us to believe that some favourable evolution has been taking place, so there was today a greater understanding and promotion of gender equality than there was in the past. It was concluded that the application of justice and the execution of sentences were often not fair and appropriate; also, scientific research in this area should be increased, as it is certainly a privileged instrument in the fight against the crime of gender violence.

As Law teachers at Portucalense University, it has been our objective to research the position of our students with regard to human rights and, in particular, on criminal penalties, their forms of execution and security. We previously conducted a first survey addressed to undergraduate students and, for this work, we conducted an identical survey on Brazilian students who attended the teaching part of the master's degree in Legal and Political Sciences specialization, at our University. These students were presently in Portugal. We intend to understand their position on the theme based on their reality experienced in Brazil. The surveys were answered in the classroom, anonymously and freely. The students already have professional experience in the area of legal sciences, varying their ages between 30/40 years. The results of this empirical study showed respondents’ sensitivity in human rights matters. Prevention, as an end to sentences, was unanimous. Almost everyone said they felt insecure in their country and most of them had also been victims of crime in their country. The majority of students are in favour of the resocialization of the prisoner imposed by the State. However, in relation to the remaining questions, the answers were diversified. This diversity is explained by motivations of a security nature given the extension of the criminal phenomenon in Brazil.

There are many global problems that children and young people face today, such as new technologies, digitalization and climate changes, among others. These issues represent new threats to youth, but they also constitute new learning opportunities and contacts relevant to their well-being and growth as human beings. In this sense, the European Parliament, in its Resolution on the rights of the child on the 30th anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, came to elect inclusion and innovation as the guiding principles of education and training in a world dominated by digital technologies. This study aimed to identify the rights of minors when are using the Internet, the digital platforms and social networks and in all new spaces for digital communication, whether through computers, tablets, smartphones and game consoles. The method consisted of a theoretical and descriptive approach to relevant international instruments for the protection of the rights of children and young people, such as the European Convention on Human Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the European Social Charter, the European Parliament Resolution and the Council of Europe Strategy on the Rights of the Child (2016-2021). In addition, a critical analysis was carried out, based on the participation of the young people who were also heard, the achievements obtained and the challenges that arise, as well as the concerns and specific needs of adolescence in this area. The results show that the technological means used at the level of personalized education and partnerships between educational establishments have a high potential to combat the inequalities that exist between youth, bridging the digital divide between students from different socio-economic contexts and regions. The digital world presents opportunities, but it also presents risks, namely, harmful content, sexual exploitation, deprivation of privacy and unprotection of personal data, many resulting from the child's own conduct, such as cyber-bullying and self-exposure. Parents and educators feel the inherent difficulties and concerns without knowing how to proceed, digging the generational gap. There is an urgent need to promote access to quality training - “education for digital citizenship” - to combat radicalization and hate speech and ensure the protection of children's rights, promoting more creative, critical and secure digital communication.

The main objective of this study is to analyse the perceptions of the law students on the human rights, specifically their knowledge and sensitivity regarding to the purposes of penalties. The application of criminal sanctions aims the protection of juridical assets and the reintegration of the agent into the society, with useful purposes, to safeguard legal peace in society and to avoid in the future the committing of other crimes by the condemned. In this sense, the execution of penalties should be oriented to promote that the condemned, after serving the sentence, be prepared to live responsibly in the community. Considering the constitutional principle of human dignity, it should be left to the condemned, as far as possible, during the execution of the sentence, his self-determination for his future resocialization. The application of penalties for purely retributive purposes is excluded and whenever possible, because of short prison sentences have been viewed negatively for having a stigmatizing character and criminogenic effects, it is planned to replace them with other non-custodial alternative sentences (such as fines penalties and community work consented by the condemned).Due to the constitutional principle of human dignity, the death penalty, the penalty of life imprisonment, the forced labour and corporal punishment are prohibited. Contrary to the humanist characteristic of the Portuguese Penal Code there is a popular tendency that defends heavier penalties, criminal sentences that are less respectful to the human dignity and the punishment of the condemned justified only by the punishment itself. In this research it was intended in particular to know how the students of the 2nd year of the Law Course from Oporto Portucalense University, in the academic year 2018-19, face the function of criminal penalties, after having learned Political Science and Constitutional Law in the 1st year and before being taught the program content of the curricular unit of Criminal Law. To achieve this goal, surveys were developed and then answered by 90 students. The results show that students need to be sensitized to the human rights dimension, since they have a vision that does not coincide with the one that is legally established and far from constitutional rights and guarantees. It was concluded that the majority adheres to the populist tendencies of the Criminal Law, being essential and necessary in the Academy an education more accentuated and effective for the human rights dimension.