1. Assessment of Stabilization and Activity of the HIFs Important for Hypoxia-Induced Signalling in Cancer Cells.
- Author
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Chiu DK, Zhang MS, Tse AP, and Wong CC
- Subjects
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors genetics, Cell Culture Techniques, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Energy Metabolism, Gene Expression, Genes, Reporter, Humans, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit genetics, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit metabolism, Immunohistochemistry, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms pathology, Neoplastic Stem Cells metabolism, Neoplastic Stem Cells pathology, Neovascularization, Pathologic genetics, Neovascularization, Pathologic metabolism, Oxygen metabolism, Protein Stability, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transcription, Genetic, Tumor Escape genetics, Tumor Escape immunology, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors metabolism, Hypoxia metabolism, Neoplasms metabolism, Signal Transduction
- Abstract
Blood vessels in tumors contain chaotic branching structures and leaky vessel lumens, resulting in uneven supply of oxygen in the tumor microenvironment. High metabolic and proliferation rate of tumor cells further depletes the local oxygen supply. Therefore, hypoxia is a common phenomenon in multiple solid malignancies. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the transcription of a spectrum of genes, which are vitally important for tumor cell adaption under hypoxia, and shape the tumor microenvironment to become more favorable for progression. HIFs are involved in almost every step of cancer development through inducing angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, metastasis, cancer stemness maintenance, chemoresistance, and immune evasion. Here, we describe methods for the assessment of HIF activity, as well as identification of novel transcriptional targets of HIFs in vitro and in vivo.
- Published
- 2019
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