Search

This paper presents an original analysis and reinterpretation of two documents from 1238 and 1239, which are the first to mention the Koper statutes but have thus far received only sporadic mentions in historiography. The paper is further predicated on the study of archival sources of the Venetian Senate from the Senato Misti collection for the period after the Koper rebellion against Venice in 1348 up until 1394 when the Doge of Venice reconfirmed the Koper statutes. It is established that at least from 1238 the commune of Koper acted according to its already complex statutes. These were, with some further redactions, in force until 1348, when, due to the rebellion of Koper, they were disregarded by the Venetian authorities until 1358, along with the dissolution of the city's Major Council, and all of Koper's city offices were restructured. After 1358, the sources testify that the Venetians restored the Koper City Council and offices to their pre-rebellion state, but not the statutes, although some statutory provisions were taken into account in individual administrative or judicial cases. The Koper statutes officially came into force again in 1394, and a slightly modified redaction appeared in 1423. However, in both cases without the right to exercise criminal justice and the defence of the city, which remained in the exclusive domain of the Venetian podestà and captain until the end of the Venetian Republic in 1797. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the occasion of the quincentenary of the birth of the Istrian reformers, the famous Protestant theologian Matthias Flacius Illyricus (1520--1575) and Stephanus Consul Pinguentinus, Histrianus (1521--1579?), first translator of the New Testament into the Croatian language, analyzing the monographs of the Istrian polymath Mijo Mirković (1898--1963) dedicated to Flacius, the author elaborates in this essay the activity of the Istrian Protestants (Croatians, Slovenians and Italians) who, thanks to the emergence of "print capitalism" and "printed" languages, have contributed significantly to the spread of literacy and culture and to the creation of modern collective identities and "imagined communities". By presenting the multicultural and cosmopolitan character of the legacy of the Istrian reformers, the importance of international project cooperation in researching the phenomenon of reformation in Istria and in valorising the common European heritage was underlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1984-1986, Zvonimir Kralj, diver and keeper of the Piran Aquarium, recovered the Enigma cipher machine with codebook and several other items from the wreck of the German minesweeper R 15 sunk off the west coast of Istria between Savudrija and Umag. The article describes and defines the device and outlines the technical characteristics of the minesweeper of the 6th Minesweeper Flotilla (6. Räumbootsflottille) of the German Kriegsmarine, which was hit by the British torpedo boat MTB 409 on the night of April 16-17 1945, and sank about 3 nautical miles northwest of Umag. An examination of the preserved parts of the cipher machine revealed that it was a naval Enigma M4 with four rotors and a reflector C. An X-ray microtomography showed the serial number of the machine M 15648 and the last configuration, left to right: C/γ (Gamma), III, VI, IV. The external position of the Gamma rotor (»P«) indicates that the Enigma was not set in a mode compatible with the M3 model, which corresponds to the cipher keys for the last two months of the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the role of the Bohemian and Moravian Clergy in Istria in the first decades of the Twentieth Century. It analyses the reasons of their presence in the area starting from the mid-Nineteenth Century, when the bishop of Trieste/Trst and Koper/Capodistria Legat initiated fulfilling vacant positions with priests from other parts of the Habsburg monarchy, a practice developed by his successor Glavina. In the last decades of the Nineteenth Century several dozens of students from Bohemia and Moravia attended the seminary in Gorizia/Gorica. Most of them left for Istria after schooling and Fran Novljan, a local intellectual and politician noted that "there were little parishes in the internal parts of Istria where a bohemian priest was not operating". Many of them integrated fully in the new communities and became fundamental reference points for local societies, in religious, but also in social, economic and cultural terms. This article uses their case to address the question of multiple options of citizenship and State affiliation in the changed context of post-World War I Istria, which was occupied by Italian forces in November 1918 and later annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. Following the attitude of Italian authorities and the repressive measures towards unwanted individuals, it opens a wide range of questions related to inclusion and exclusion in European post-imperial borderlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to present some of the characteristics of the 19th--century Habsburg welfare 'system' in the province of Istria, as perceived mainly through the perspective of (in)ability to work as a key criterion for determining eligibility for social assistance. Welfare issues were not addressed in a sufficiently systematic way at the time, nor were they long--term measures, but instead they mainly involved ad hoc solutions to individual problems, which suggests that the drivers of social welfare were mainly crisis circumstances. Seasonal poverty was also a pressing problem, especially in rural areas, but in general old age, illness and unemployment were identified as central drivers of poverty. The bourgeois work ethic (which helped to shape the regulation of charity) is also relevant in this context, since it understood the alleviation of poverty primarily in terms of providing work or training for individuals living in poverty. At national and provincial levels, the concept of charity was limited to institutional care, which covered only a small part of the social issues. The financial burden for all other forms of welfare rested with the municipalities, which had to find their own ways of providing resources, relying to some extent on the bourgeois ethic of philanthropism, but also on inter--municipal solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methodologically, the article comes from geocriticism, the field of comparative literature. The research focus is on poetry about Trieste in the 20th century, on the analysis of the poetic discourse about Trieste which reflects different historical interpretations of the Trieste region through the poetic representation of Trieste. Thus, the article analyzes the literarization of Trieste by poets from the Slovenian Trieste community, poets from the Italian community, and authors from the Istrian Trieste community, taking into account the multifocalization of views on a specific reference space. Based on the corresponding corpus of poems, we have captured the intersection of the poems in the representations and feelings of the decaying and disintegrating Trieste after the Second World War. At the same time, we identified different representations of the city over time: Trieste as a Roman city; Trieste as an Italian city; Trieste as a symbol of pain; Trieste as a symbol of alienation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main topic of this study is the share of soldiers originally from the Istrian towns of Koper and Piran who operated in the ground forces of the overseas dominions of the Republic of Venice during the 18th century, specifically in Fanti oltramarini (infantry) and Cavalleria Croati (cavalry). The study is based on an analysis of the material preserved at the Archivio di Stato di Venezia (fond Inquisitori sopra l’amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli), within which complete lists of military personnel composing the regiments and companies for the period are preserved. The analysis of the documents has shown that, in terms of number, these soldiers represented a regional group in the Venetian infantry and cavalry worthy of research attention. They were active throughout the 18th century, most notably towards the end, when the Venetian Republic mobilised the majority of available military personnel for the last time. The analysis considers the time frame of the soldiers’ operation, their age, duration of military service, as well as determinate physical characteristics. It further shows that the military units in which soldiers from Koper and Piran operated were led by prominent military commanders of the period, originally from Dalmatia and Boka Kotorska, and that that the units were very mobile and deployed throughout the territories of the Venetian mainland and overseas domains. The study aims to contribute to the knowledge of, in this case, military aspects of the link between both sides of the Adriatic. In conclusion, it provides a list of all soldiers from Koper and Piran in Venetian infantry and cavalry overseas units according to the research to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses and compares statutory provisions on tutelage for minor children in the Venetian towns of Koper, Izola, and Piran, and compares them with the regulation of the town of Ptuj, which was part of the Holy Roman Empire. It draws on selected notations from the notary books of Piran and, indirectly, documentary sources from Ptuj that reflect the practice corroborating and illustrating findings concerning statutory law. Moreover, from a comparative perspective, the paper aims to establish how Roman law influenced the legal regulation of the care of minor children in the two neighbouring territories that differed in terms of tradition and administrative affiliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grasslands have always been an important part of the cultural landscape. They were created by people, as they needed fodder for their livestock. But this led to the development of the grassland ecosystem, with its numerous plant species adapted to this particular environment. With sustainable management, farmers preserved the biodiversity of grasslands. The changes in grassland management have resulted in decreasing biodiversity in grasslands. Where the biodiversity in grasslands is still relatively high, we would need to reintroduce the traditional management to preserve the grasslands. At the same time, grasslands would become part of the tourism offer and a source of agricultural pr oducts of higher quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the political strategies related to the diagnosis of a culturally diverse and hybrid Istria. Discussions about hybridity first appeared in the circles of Austrian and Italian experts from the middle of the 19th century. There, the hybridity discourse was part of a re-ordering of the monarchy after the revolution of 1848. The exploration of Istrian cultural hybridity by imperial science is a very good example of how scientific categories in the sense of classifying the population could create social realities. The greatest credit for this was due to the state, science and its institutions. However, apart from these elite circles, regional and local actors in Istria also participated in the negotiation of identity and also used the categorization and classification of the population to achieve their political goals. The archive material and newspapers consulted show that Istrian hybridity was also a guideline for political action at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of clergy in the region of Istria has been very important throughout history, especially in the preservation of Slovenian and Croatian language in the Julian March area in the period between the two world wars. Although the role of the priest was important, this topic remains relatively unexplored, especially when it comes to Slovene priests who worked in the area of Croatian Istria; some of them are still rather unknown to the general public. That is why, among other issues, this paper deals with the position of Slovene priests in the area of Croatian Istria, with particular emphasis on the work and activities of Leopold Jurca. In addition, Josip Grašič and Stjepan (Štefan) Cek are also mentioned. Leopold Jurca is one of the most important historical figures, who worked in the area of Croatian Istria in the period between the two world wars. His activity is described in the book My Years in Istria under Fascism (Moja leta v Istri pod fašizmom, 1978), and although he has left an autobiographical work behind, it has not been fully valorized among the men of faith. Through his work, Leopold Jurca makes the effort to preserve the Croatian language and cultural heritage. He was quite popular among the parishioners of the Trviž parish between 1929 and 1945 and has left a powerful legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1579 and 1580, Bishop Agostino Valier visited Istrian dioceses. This visitation is described in yet unpublished records, written originally in Latin and Old Italian. Among them, we find a record of a divorce case of Ivan Cinkopan and Dorotea Jašić from Labin that brought to light accusations of adultery, theft, and marital violence. This paper illustrates the results of a multidisciplinary study of the Cinkopans' divorce case: firstly, the transcription and English translation of the divorce trial record; secondly, the historical analysis and comparison with other relevant written sources from the same period, i.e. marital disputes from the Diocese of Poreč and statutes of Istrian towns; and thirdly, an anthropological analysis of relevant archaeological data - namely, female skeletons with injuries consistent or similar to the ones described in the divorce record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this sociolinguistic research conducted in the whole Istria County (sample = 3512 Istrian residents) was to establish the reception and the relation towards code-switching in the Croatian-Italian bilingual context, in order to examine more deeply the complex Istrian sociolinguistic reality and the outcomes of cultural and linguistic contacts. Therefore, the stigmatized and mythologized attitudes of the Istrian residents towards code-switching were investigated. The results confirmed that code-switching is considered to be an everyday usual practice, ubiquitous in the Istrian bilingual communicative space and irreplaceable in terms of linguistic economy, expressive maximalization and communicative efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State's use of the "no grounds to proceed" ruling to intimidate anti-fascists and extend the fascist government's power in the Adriatic borderlands. It demonstrates how the Tribunal's judges used their sentencing prerogatives to support repression in Istria and cloak persecution in the mantel of legal action in defense of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In November 1918, at the end of World War I, the new Italian authorities arrested several persons in the territory of Venezia Giulia, Rijeka (Fiume) and some parts of Dalmatia and interned some of them in the interior of Italy. A detailed examination of many documents and lists that are kept in Roman and Trieste archives reveal that around 850 civilians were interned, including women. Internments after the First World War in the Slovenian/Croatian-Italian contact area have still not received in-depth analysis; however, even less is known about the internment of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with a case study of 1686 vendetta in Koper, based on original archival documents from judicial bodies of the Republic of Venice and narrative material from the protagonists in the feud. It regards a classic case of vengeance due to the conflicts between various noble kinship groups, formed on the idiom of honour. The reason for the vengeance was a forbidden or at least an unwanted marriage between representatives of two noble families that escalated into the homicide of one relative of the married woman. After an almost three-year lasting, apparently unsuccessful negotiations for the conflict settlement, a retributive homicide of the most prominent representative of the perpetrator’s family took place, which was performed by a maternal uncle of a third family, connected by kinship. It is interesting how the local, and especially the central political judicial authorities intervened in the feud (faida) after the first homicide, in accordance with the principles of the customary system of conflict resolution, by encouraging and lastly forcing the parties in the feud to make peace. However, the attempt to integrate the customary system of conflict resolution into a court settlement apparently failed in this case, as precisely the prevention of the customary system of conflict resolution with a (seeming) state guarantee of security and with force things led to an uprising, caused by an intentional break from the traditional values of honour and roles of kinship connections. Nonetheless, in accordance with the customary system of conflict resolution, the vengeful homicide alone might have been perceived as an established and socially acknowledged end of the conflict. It was based on the fundamental social principle of gift giving, namely that the given gift should be returned, and the insult should demand suitable retribution. The implementation of a strict inquisitorial judicial procedure might have nonetheless prevented possible retaliation after a vindicatory homicide, as is also shown in the judicial practice in other Central and Western European countries of that time. Along with great social changes in the second half of the 15th century, a centralization of justice came about, in addition to fiscal and military reorganization, that was of fundamental importance in European rulers’ efforts to establish supreme control over the entire territory under their jurisdiction. In order to achieve this goal, however, the rulers first had to restrict, by means of legislation and other coercive means, the system of arbitrary conflict resolution by custom. For this purpose, they established a judicial system, i.e. punitive control over both individual influential families and clans, as well as over the population in general. The state judicial apparatus earned the right of prosecution ex officio, whereas the trespasses became individualised. While earlier, in the so-called adversarial law, the judicial investigative process was only able to be led after a lawsuit from the affected communities, in the inquisitorial procedure the judicial trial was initiated by the central judicial authorities, which was the primary reason for their creation. The state inquisitorial trial rites introduced in most Western and Central European countries from the 16th century onwards, which substantially differed from the ecclesiastical inquisitorial procedure (from the 12th century onwards), led to an important innovation. It was precisely the complex inquisitorial judicial rites that were assigned to be exercised by the (state) judge with nearly limitless jurisdiction, including the implementation of torture in all phases of the judicial procedure, which gradually took over the mediatory role of the community in feud and fundamentally disrupted the traditional relationships of values of honour and kinship connections. Studies of early-modern Europe have shown the changes that took place starting from the late 16th century. The introduction in various European countries of authentic inquisitorial procedures, which limited the right to defence and the intervention of the parties concerned, represented a significant step forward in limiting at least the bloodiest developments of feud. From France to England, to Germany and Italy, the new procedures were characterized not so much by ex-officio initiation of trials as by the public jurisdictional nature that the trials took on. With this intrusion and with the legal and ideological criminalisation of feud and blood feud the ruler or the state gradually took away the judicial jurisdiction from former holders of (local) authority: the nobility. Thereafter, the supreme right to revenge and pardon was in the hands of the ruler (state), which also signifies that this was the means of attaining of absolute power. However, the case of the 1686 vendetta in Koper is a good example of how lasting and entangled was this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the paper, the authors present the most important information on the Anglo- American missions in Istria during the Second World War and the topics related to British (Special Operations Executive and Military Intelligence 6 or Secret Intelligence Service that which operated under the cover name Inter-Services Liaison Department), and American intelligence services (Office of Strategic Services), in particular regarding the possibility to create conditions in Istria for their penetration in Austria. They fi rstly describe why in 1940 Istria became interesting for the British, especially in the light of cooperation with the pre-war anti-fascist underground movement of Slovenes and Croats (TIGR) and the fi rst attempts of their intelligence services to send their agents in the occupied Yugoslavia, among others also in Istria. They continue with describing how the British, followed by the Americans, understood the situation on the Istrian peninsula at the time of the capitulation of Italy (on 8 September 1943), and the Anglo-American missions which came to Istria or through the Istrian peninsula in the interior of Yugoslavia and the Trieste region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a sociolinguistic quantitative (general and introductory) research conducted through a semi-structured inteview on the sample of six stereotypical types of respondents (42 residents of seven cities of the Istria County). The objective of the survey was to establish and examine the attitudes of the research partecipants towards bilingualism as a general phenomenon (in an ideal/idealized sense), towards the concrete phenomenon of the Croatian-Italian bilingualism in Istria and towards the outcomes of language contact. Bilingualism as a general phenomenon elicited positive attitudes among almost all the respondents. However, only the ideal/idealized bilingualism was associated with connotations of perfection and unconditional desirability, while its practical and real application in most cases arose stigmatized opinions. Therefore, it is interesting to note the fact that markedly favorable attitudes towards the general phenomenon of bilingualism do not necessarily imply also positive attitudes towards the Croatian-Italian bilingualism in Istria and towards the outcomes of language contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Montenegrian migrations over the past centuries have marked its history. Like the series of continuous waves montenegrian migrations have been splashing the teritories of Dalmacija and Istria (which were officially under Venetian authority), and refreshing over and over again many Venetian's military formations for new soldiers who wanted military glory. Along with the rest of the newcomers they have been giving new "breath of fresh air" to the places all over the territory that was under Venetian authority. Venetian subjects and Ottoman refugees, but also the ones who were forced to be part of many migrations, found their place under the protection of Venetian goverment. Montenegrians were addapting to the new enviroment as Venetian soldiers, officers, even as generals, while becoming its unbreakable part. But, unfortunately they were also paying a huge price by losing their ethno and linguistic caracters. All Montenegrian migrants, except for the Montenegrians in Peroj, have lost their ethno-linguistic code over the centuries. As soon as Montenegrians in Istria accepted other religion they were quickly assimilated. All of them except for the Montenegrians in Peroj have lived throgh acculturation over the past 3-4 centuries. In their close neighbourhood there was Greek orthodox church. By the end of the seventeenth century Greek church in Pula had only fi ve Greek belivers and that helped preserving the ethno-linguistic identity of the Montenegrians in Peroj. Because of that most of the Montenegrians practicly had that church for their own releigion needs. Montenegrians in Peroj have preserved their origin, customs, costumes, religion and language over the past few centuries. They preserved themselves and their ethnolinguistic code which they brought from montenegrian homeland. Many rulers have been controling Peroj, but Montenegrians managed to remain steady more than 350 years as their "island in the Istrian sea". Many centuries have passed since the fi rst Montenegrian had set foot in Peroj. Their descendants like to say " the island has not magnified, neither the sea has wiped it out". Finally, Peroj was that nucleus in which Montenegrian identity on the Istro-romanian land has been preserved and had preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The documents concerning the feud between the Patriarch of Aquileia and the Counts of Gorizia (1267-1277) are evidence of how written laws show that the ritual forms and gestures of the customary system of conflict resolution were not only maintained but were regularly inserted into the ritual formulas of written law. Above all they document how the customary system of conflict resolution, in its ideal image and through rituals, reflected social values based on the mediation of the community, reciprocity and the propensity to achieve a lasting peace. This is a general structural aspect of conflict, while the local or particular aspect is shown concretely through the struggle for resources, in the interweaving of single circumstances, where those who succeed in forming the greatest number of loyalties, differing and often contrasting alliances, are the ones who prevail. In our case this was clearly better accomplished by the Counts of Gorizia than by the Patriarchs of Aquileia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper showcases the work of Slovenian professors at the first Croatian grammar school in Istria which operated in Pazin. After years of effort of both Croatian and Slovenian national reformers and intellectuals, the school was founded in 1899 and operated until 1918 when it was closed down. The opening of the Grammar school had a significant impact on the Istrian youth, who was given the opportunity of education in Croatian language. Therefore the Grammar school was also attended by a large number of students from different Slovenian regions. Many of them grew into individuals whose work has earned them an important place in both the Croatian and the Slovenian history. 19 Slovenian professors worked at the school. They were influential through various activities also outside the grammar school premises and they thus influenced the cultural diversity of the town of Pazin. The reasons behind the arrivals Slovenian professors to the Grammar school were different. They mostly arrived based on the decree of the school's authorities that sent them to different part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The paper presents data on Slovenian professors who worked at the grammar school in Pazin as well as certain memories of their students. The periods of their activity at the Grammar school varied. Some professors worked there for 16 years (Ivan Kos, Luka Brolih), while others worked only for one school year (Ivan Pregelj) and they aspired to a rapid departure from Pazin (Anton Josip Jošt). Regardless of the time they spent at the Grammar school, all professors mentioned here left their mark on the institution in which they worked and have influenced the students whom they taught and raised. All mentioned professors raised their students in the Istrian/Slavic spirit. They were also their educators and they cared for the students' nutrition, good health care and other basic needs. Individuals who came to Pazin to work at the Grammar school but were not from Istria brought with them the cultural and ideological characteristics that were different from their hosts', but they accepted the cultural and traditional features of the Istrian region. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Imperial and Royal State Grammar School was one of the most important strongholds of the overall popular activity. Apart from the Croatian professors, this burden was also carried by the Slovenian professors who worked at the Grammar school. Together they influenced the development of Pazin as an educational center as well as a place with important cultural contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blessed Monaldus was an important historical figure and Franciscan, who lived and worked in Istria, especially in Koper. The first problem that arises is location and a specific year of his birth and the confusion follows his early years and education process, of which is known close to nothing. His first appearance in records is in year 1257 in Trieste and is about his function as a ministrum provincialum for the whole Franciscan region of Sclavonia. Before his death, which was priot to year 1285, it is believed that he had finished his most important work, Summa de iure canonico, which is a compendium of entries concerning law and economy. According to some important law historians, presented in this article, he did not write the whole book after the conclusion of his function as a ministrum provincialum; infact the first draft had been done probably even before he took this job. A large number of manuscripts, surviving to this very day, proves that his work was of a high utilitary nature and was also used in some similar works of legal nature in the next centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discussion focuses on three basic geographical notions that link the Slovenian territory with the Mediterranean climate: Istria (Slov.: Istra) Trieste (Slov.: Trst) and the Littoral (Slov.: Primorje). The issue concerning the fi rst appearances and other early mentions of the said geographical names in Slovenian texts or, rather, in Slovenian form has to date not been subject to comprehensive study and it has been opening ever new questions, especially as regards the origin and changeable meaning of the notion Littoral (in Slovene: Primorje - noun, primorski - adjective) documented at a rather late stage. The documentation of Slovenian geographical names in Slovenian texts was generally weak until the 19th century. Until that time, very little was written in Slovene, which is especially true of officialdom. The research is based on various databases, particularly Slovenian studies, as well as the author's collection of transcriptions of older Slovenian official texts. The contribution attempts to answer the question as to when the names under discussion appeared for the fi rst time in Slovenian texts or in Slovenian form as well as what linguistic and semantic changes in names these appearances entailed. While the names Trieste and Istria stem from the Antique tradition and appeared in Slovenian form already soon after the publication of the fi rst Slovenian book (1550), the late appearance of the name Littoral could be taken as an indication of its late emergence. However, the said name was most probably old as well, but it came into full use only by drawing upon the Austrian administrative and political arrangement of the 18th and 19th centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates collective memories, their adaptations, creations and abuses, censored or suppressed memories, conflicting memories between the official politicalideological representations and alternative memories, identity's adaptations to changing political situations, etc. The case-study is the Northen part of Istria (nowadays Slovenia); which faced several waves of mass migrations during and after World War II, especially with the departure of the Italian speaking population, that occurred due to the annexation of the region to the new country (Yugoslavia) and the new (socialist) system. Subsequently, the emptied spaces were progressively inhabited by people from diff erent parts of Yugoslavia, while new relations between the natives and newcomers were being established. The aim of research is not just to understand the actual situation in Istria, but it will serve as a "case study" to understand the broader dimensions of processes taking place after the collapse of multinational empires and states, the expansion of nationalism, new ideological systems, homogenisations of national states, creations and exclusions of "the other" etc. The basic novelty of the research is the refocusing of attention from those who left to those who after great political-ideological turning points remain in the conflict space. Similarly to the identity, collective memory is constructed in opposition to other memories, or by assimilating them. At this point, discordances of memories can occur, which implies the confrontation of diff erent groups in the attempt to make the memory of one group prevail over the alternative memory of the other group and eventually to erase it. However, oblivion is not only an absence of memory, but it represents the censorship that enables a group to construct a satisfactory image of itself. "Suppressed memories", amnesias of pressures, complicity, enmities, remain hidden because of their incompatibility with the national collective memory. On the one hand, the identity of a community is founded precisely on tragic memories, on the notion of "the victim", on the other hand the same tragic events will be neglected, reinterpreted and censored by the winning collective (national) memory, which will refer to the concept of victim too. This is the case of the Istrian memories, the Slovenes feeling victim of the Italian fascism, while Italians feeling victim of the Yugoslav communist system. Between the two poles there are the memories of those who can generate alternative memories as observers, opposing in this way the hegemonic discourse of state power. In contrast to the official Slovene memory alternative memories reveal everyday pressures to Italian speaking population, mostly being made by immigrants. It's them who internalized the idea of new Yugoslav national memory, in which the Italians were seen as fascists and national enemies. Mostly local people (but also some immigrants) managed to resist this prevailing national discourse. The research confirmed the fi ndings that the newcomers and natives reciprocally drew a border between each other, although they are of the same nationality (until nowdays). As in other researches a dislike is felt towards newcomers, who are seen as being in a privileged position, because they would presumably get guaranteed jobs and abandoned apartments. Although these communities live together, their parallel histories never intersect, if they do, a conflict for the "real" historical truth happens. What they have in common is that they live among the material and immaterial remains of past periods, among diverse liéux de mémoire, but also liéux d'amnesie. Between the main two contrasting collective memories, are the completely overlooked immigrants from former Yugoslavia, mostly working class, which are treated as non-existant not just in public discourses but in the everyday life too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explained when, where and why was the so-called Adriatic Institute Census of 1945 in Istria conducted. The involvement of the Croatian Commission for Border Delimitation in the organization of the Adriatic Institute Census is explained as well as the role of some of its members. The problems which the census takers faced during the Census are indicated. The detailed social, professional and ethnic analysis of the census takers is provided as a case-study of one of the eleven census sectors Istria was divided to. The analysed sector is one of the sectors, where the Slovenes organised the census taking activities. The role in the Census played by some groups such as the Croat Catholic clergy and Istrian Italians is described. The specific case of Buje area is shown in greater detail, where in February of 1946 a significant revision of the Census regarding the nationality took place. The reactions of the Allied powers to the results of the Adriatic Institute Census, both official and unofficial are shown. Finally, the value of the published census results is discussed along with comparison with the unpublished data for Rijeka and Zadar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with collected life stories of the second generation of migrants or, rather, migrants and their descendants. In the first part I present selected anthropological theories on the metaphors of mixing cultures, particularly hybridization and the notion of bricolage. In the second part I present segments of the life stories of migrants and their interpretation of culture through the metaphors of mixing cultures; in this part the analysis is based on the formalist model of ethnicity. The purpose of this paper is to present a reconsideration of metaphors that illustrate mixing of cultures through the analysis of in-depth interviews conducted in the framework of the BRIDGE project. Primary focus is on the parts of the narratives that provide insight into the interpretation of cultural and ethnic differences, in connection with the management of different cultural repertoires. I point in particular to the representations that are created and used within the cultural repertoire of the interviewees, which are shared within various groups and used for their cultural and ethnic self-identifications or self-ascriptions. The article shows how individuals either defy the methodological nationalism and isomorphism of culture and limited national territory within some contexts or remain caught in them within others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The date mussel is included in several international multilateral agreements and treaties and is endangered especially in Histria. The need for protection of the species arose because of the frequent threat to the marine ecosystem, as gatherers of date shells smash the rocks in which the bivalve mollusks live, principally with pneumatic hammers, and in some cases even with the use of explosives. The supervisory authorities, such as customs, police and inspection services, have faced the illegal trafficking of date mussels for many years, and in spite of all the regulations for the protection of this illicit shellfish, they have failed to stop the trade. The analysis of the illicit date mussel trade provides an overview of the relevant legislation, and a comparative survey of the situation in the countries where this mollusk occurs, with an emphasis on the situation along the Adriatic coastline. In the Mediterranean countries, and particularly in Histria, where the illegal trade is most frequently confronted, a greater degree of control will be required, as well as an increased effort put in the promotion of public awareness, and in the education of catering and tourist workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the linguistic realisations or, according to Foucault, discursive practices preserved in the medical records of patients hospitalised in the psychiatric ward within the hospital in Pula, in the period of transition from the Italian to Yugoslav rule. The linguistic contaminations found in the processed documents are presented and analysed, as well as the bilingual Croatian-Italian terms in printed forms, with appropriate syntactic and lexical hybrids indicating not only the political but also the sociocultural, linguistic and ideological transition of the Istrian (and Rijeka) territory from the Italian to the Yugoslav jurisdiction. In this way it is stood out the concept of fluidity, both of coercive power and of the prescription of the (new) language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]