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Travel happiness has drawn increasing attention in recent years. However, the empirical research in developing countries' context is very limited, and few studies consider both cognitive and affective evaluations during traveling. This study uses web-based survey data collected in Beijing, China, and applies multiple regression analysis to examine impacts of sociodemographic attributes, travel characteristics, residential environment, mode consonance, self-evaluation, and health conditions, on travel happiness. Satisfaction with Travel Scale (STS) is used to measure travel happiness. Results show that for trips using active travel modes, traveling by walking has higher travel happiness than by nonmotor vehicles. For those trips traveling by motor vehicles, company shuttle bus trips have the highest travel happiness ratings, followed by automobile trips and public transport trips. Transport mode consonance is significantly positively correlated with travel happiness. Residential environment, self-reported optimism, and daily happiness have great positive impacts on travel happiness. Living in suburban areas is more satisfying for walking and car trips, but travel frequency, travel duration, and perceived travel time length have significant negative effects on travel happiness. Public transport use with friends is enjoyable, but unpleasant with work partners. More happiness when listening to music/radio or reading during traveling is demonstrated. Finally, policy implications and potential extended research topics are recommended., Author(s): Aihua Fan [1,2]; Xumei Chen (corresponding author) [2]; Xiaomei Zhang [2] 1. Introduction Subjective well-being (SWB) is generally used in psychology to describe people's overall satisfaction with life. It [...]

This study explored the intrinsic motivation of drivers most likely to accept guidance information at signalized intersections by using a mixed model approach. The proposed approach contains a multiple-indicator multiple-cause model (MIMIC) with a latent class analysis (LCA). The MIMIC model was used to quantify intrinsic motivations according to individual heterogeneity. From a group similarity perspective, the LCA was employed for the latent classification of drivers. The features and possibility of accepting guidance information of each class were also analyzed according to the intrinsic motivation of drivers. Data were collected from the stated preference online surveys, in which the questionnaire was designed according to the diffusion of innovation, in 2015 and 2019 in China. Four subjective perceptions of drivers were identified: the perception of innovating guidance information, the perception of convenience regarding guidance information transmission, the perception of surrounding complexity, and the individual innovation. The estimation results show that age, driving experience, education levels, and familiarity with road network are significant factors of compliance behavior. The proportion of conservatives gradually decreased from 2015 to 2019, while the proportion of early followers and late followers increased through market penetration, familiarity with the Internet of vehicles, and social networks in the same period. This prevalence demonstrates that guidance information at signalized intersections is gradually becoming acceptable in China., 1. Introduction Technological innovation is changing the world at an increasingly rapid pace. Speed guidance technology is one such innovation. Speed guidance refers to appropriate speed range advisory through computerized [...]

ABSTRACT A structurally novel compound was isolated as the main product of tandem Pechmann-dehydration between diethyl 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-(4′-nitrophenyl)-6-oxocyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylate ( 1) and resorcinol in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. The structure of the product was determined as a racemate of (7R,8R)- and (7S,8S)-ethyl 7,8-dihydro-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-7-(4′-nitrophenyl)-6H-dibenzo[c]-pyran-6-one-8-carboxylate ( 3a) enantiomers by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The X-ray crystal structure revealed that 3a possesses an extended and more stable conjugated aromatic system as a consequence of the stereoselectivity of intramolecular dehydration behavior of Pechmann condensation product 2. In the crystal superstructure, the (7R,8R)- and (7S,8S)-isomers of 3a respectively self-assembled into left- and right-handed supramolecular helical chains with a channel size of 3.70 Å × 10.20 Å in virtue of intermolecular hydrogen bonding together with dramatic twisting between carboxylate group at C8 and tricyclic ring framework of 3a, which are then arranged alternatively along the b-axis direction with a pitch length of 7.894 Å. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional routing protocols are quite vulnerable under the attacks from both external and internal attackers. In this work, we examine the impact of a wide variety of attacks in malicious wireless sensor networks scenario. An Efficient and Secure Geographic Routing protocol ESGR is proposed to exploit the geographic location, cryptography mechanisms, and broadcast nature of the wireless channel. ESGR utilizes the geographic leashes and the TESLA scheme to provide resistance against the Sybil attack and wormhole attack. Meanwhile, it employs a distributed trust model and the packets opportunistic forwarding to prevent black hole and gray hole attacks. We demonstrate the results through analysis and simulations that ESGR effectively mitigates a specific variety of attacks and ensures high packet delivery rate in malicious sensor network environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Routing protocol is an important topic in the wireless sensor networks. For MultiSink wireless sensor networks, the routing protocol designs and implementations are more difficult due to the structure complexity. The paper deals with the problem of a multiple-dimensional tree routing protocol for multisink wireless sensor networks based on ant colony optimization. The proposed protocol is as follows: (1) listening mechanism is used to establish and maintain multidimensional tree routing topology; (2) taking into consideration hops, packet losses, retransmission, and delay account, a distributed ant colony algorithm is proposed. When nodes select routes in the data transmission, the algorithm is utilized to realize the real-time optimization by coordination between nodes. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol can realize the QoS optimization for multisink wireless sensor networks, and its performance is better than the routing protocol of minimum hop numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]