1. 6-Shogaol Protects against Oxidized LDL-Induced Endothelial Injruries by Inhibiting Oxidized LDL-Evoked LOX-1 Signaling
- Author
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Xiao Min Huang, Ya Jun Hong, Chun Yu Zhang, Lei Zhang, Yun Kai Wang, Yong hua Yao, Xue Bo Liu, and Xiaoliang Leon Xu
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Article Subject ,biology ,business.industry ,Cell adhesion molecule ,lcsh:Other systems of medicine ,lcsh:RZ201-999 ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Umbilical vein ,Cell biology ,Antiapoptotic Agent ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Apoptosis ,Immunology ,medicine ,biology.protein ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Endothelial dysfunction ,business ,Caspase ,Oxidative stress ,Research Article - Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and oxLDL are believed to be early and critical events in atherogenesis. 6-Shogaol is the major bioactive compound present inZingiber officinaleand possesses the anti-atherosclerotic effect. However, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of 6-shogaol on oxLDL-induced Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injuries and its possible molecular mechanisms. Hence, we studied the effects of 6-shogaol on cell apoptosis, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-κB activation, Bcl-2 expression, and caspase -3, -8, -9 activities. In addition, E-selectin, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 were determined by ELISA. Our study show that oxLDL increased LOX-1 expression, ROS levels, NF-κB, caspases-9 and -3 activation and decreased Bcl-2 expression in HUVECs. These alterations were attenuated by 6-shogaol. Cotreatment with 6-shogaol and siRNA of LOX-1 synergistically reduced oxLDL-induced caspases -9, -3 activities and cell apoptosis. Overexpression of LOX-1 attenuated the protection by 6-shogaol and suppressed the effects of 6-shogaol on oxLDL-induced oxidative stress. In addition, oxLDL enhanced the activation of NF-κB and expression of adhesion molecules. Pretreatment with 6-shogaol, however, exerted significant cytoprotective effects in all events. Our data indicate that 6-shogaol might be a potential natural antiapoptotic agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
- Published
- 2013
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