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ABSTRACT Quantifying and modeling energy consumption in mobile devices are essential for developing energy-aware protocols and energy reduction techniques. In this work, we address the energy requirements for secure Web browsing sessions over handheld mobile devices. The contributions of this work are twofold. On one hand, we present a detailed study based on experimental measurements to quantify the energy consumed by the mobile device during secure Web browsing sessions. This includes the energy consumed due to data transmission/reception, encryption/decryption, hashing in addition to browser processing. On the other hand, we derive an empirical energy consumption model for secure Web browsing as a function of various protocol and device parameters. The developed model can be utilized to identify the various components that affect energy consumption during secure Web browsing sessions, to implement application-layer energy models in network simulation tools, and to develop adaptive energy-aware Web browsing protocols. The effectiveness of the developed model is demonstrated via experimental testing on several secure websites. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]