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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Genetic variations in TGF-beta and IFN-gamma may interfere with proinflammatory cytokine production and, consequently, may be involved with inflammatory diseases, as acute kidney injury (AKI). We considered that genetic polymorphisms of these cytokines may have a crucial role in the outcome of critically ill patients. To investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms of rs1800470 (codon 10 T/C), rs1800471 (codon 25 C/G) from the TGF-beta, and rs2430561 (+874 T/A) from IFN-gamma may be a risk factor for ICU patients to the development of AKI and/or death. in a prospective nested case-control study, were included 139 ICU patients who developed AKI, 164 ICU patients without AKI, and 244 healthy individuals. We observed a higher frequency to T/A genotype for IFN-gamma (intermediate producer phenotype) and higher frequency of TT GG and TC GG genotype (high producer) for TGF-beta polymorphism in overall population. However, these polymorphisms have not been shown as a predictor of risk for AKI and death. We found an increased prevalence of high and intermediate producer phenotypes from TGF-beta and IFN-gamma, respectively, in patients in ICU setting. However, the studied genetic polymorphism of the TGF-beta and IFN-gamma was not associated as a risk factor for AKI or death in our population. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, Brazil Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA Univ Nove Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 07/58363-0 Web of Science