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A novel antimicrobial packaging system was prepared by incorporating TiO2 or Ag nanoparticles into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. The effect of PLA, PLA/TiO2, and PLA/TiO2 + Ag film on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of Yunnan cottage cheese stored at 5 ± 1 °C for 25 days was investigated. The low density polyethylene (LDPE) film was used as the control. The weight loss, pH value, lactic acid bacteria count (LAB), texture, sensory quality, and antimicrobial activity were determined. Cheeses packed by PLA/TiO2 and PLA/TiO2+Ag film provided better retention in pH value, LAB, sensory quality, and antimicrobial activity compared with those packed by PLA and LDPE film. Migration of Ti and Ag nanoparticles was lower than the limit of 10 mg/kg as defined by EFSA for food contact materials. The results indicated that the incorporation of TiO2 or Ag nanoparticles into PLA matrix could maintain cheese quality and prolong its shelf life to 25 days. Practical applications Yunnan cottage cheese is one of the most popular cheeses in China. However, the shelf life of unpacked Yunnan cottage cheese is only 5-7 days under refrigerated condition. PLA film incorporated with antimicrobial TiO2 or Ag nanoparticles has great potential to prolong cheese shelf life. The novel packaging material may be an effective alternative for cheese preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]