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Background Long-term changes regarding corpus callosum area ( CCA) and information processing speed in cognitive and sensory-motor tasks have rarely been studied in multiple sclerosis ( MS). Objective and methods Information processing speed in cognitive (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT), sensory (visual and auditory reaction time) and motor (finger-tapping speed, FT; right and left hand) tasks as well as auditory inter-hemispheric transfer (verbal dichotic listening, VDL) was related to CCA, measured by MRI at baseline and at follow-up after nine years in 22 patients with MS. Possible confounding by demographic (age, gender and education), clinical (symptom onset, duration, severity of disease) and relative brain volume ( RBV) as well as T2 lesion load was taken into account. Results The smaller the CCA at baseline, the slower was SDMT performance at baseline. In a similar way, CCA at follow-up was associated with poor SDMT result at follow-up. Furthermore, the higher the annual rate of change in CCA, the poorer was performance in VDL on the left ear and the more pronounced was the right ear advantage. A positive relationship between performance in VDL right ear and annual rate of change in RBV was also seen. Sensory-motor tests were not significantly associated with CCA. T2 lesion load at baseline was associated with FT performance at baseline. Demographic, clinical and radiological ( RBV and T2 lesion load) characteristics did not confound the significant relation between CCA and SDMT. Conclusions CCA unlike RBV and T2 lesion load was associated with SDMT, which indicated a marked cognitive rather than perceptual-motor component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes has been linked to brain volume reductions as well as to cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). This study concerns the relationship between normalized brain volumes (volume fractions) and cSVD, which has not been examined previously. Methods: We subjected brain magnetic resonance imaging studies of 187 adults of both sexes with Type 1 diabetes and 30 matched controls to volumetry and neuroradiological interpretation. Results: Participants with Type 1 diabetes had smaller thalami compared to controls without diabetes ( p = 0.034). In subgroup analysis of the Type 1 diabetes group, having any sign of cSVD was associated with smaller cortical ( p = 0.031) and deep gray matter volume fractions ( p = 0.029), but a larger white matter volume fraction ( p = 0.048). After correcting for age, the smaller putamen volume remained significant. Conclusions: We found smaller thalamus volume fractions in individuals with Type 1 diabetes as compared to those without diabetes, as well as reductions in brain volume fractions related to signs of cSVD in individuals with Type 1 diabetes., Competing Interests: T.T. is an advisory board member of Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Portola and has received speaker honoraria from the University of Donau (Austria). P.-H.G. has received lecture honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, ELO Water, Genzyme, Medscape, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and SCI-Arc, and he is an advisory board member of AbbVie, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Medscape, MSD, Nestlé, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. J.M. has received lecture honoraria from Santen. D.G. has received lecture or advisory honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Delta Medical Communications, EASD eLearning, GE Healthcare, Kidney and Liver Foundation in Finland, and Novo Nordisk. The other authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Tor-björn Claesson et al.)