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Background and Aims: The shortage of skilled pruners portends automation as an alternative. To train an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system in cane pruning, the attributes of grapevine dormant shoots were characterised. Methods and Results: Eight attributes of dormant shoots, diameter, length, vertical and horizontal distance, node number, internode length, origin and position relative to bottom fruiting wire, were measured prior to and after pruning. Vine canopies were modified according to a 5 [total node numbers on canes: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50] × 3 [total node numbers on spurs: 1, 2, 3] factorial design. Compared to non‐retained dormant shoots, retained dormant shoots were thicker (9.2 ± 0.07 mm), longer (104.7 ± 0.93 cm), close to the vine trunk (11.4 ± 0.65 cm) and below the bottom fruiting wire (83.2 ± 0.54 cm). Spurs had the shortest horizontal (9.8 ± 0.93 cm) and vertical (77.8 ± 0.7 cm) distance, originating from the vine head, base nodes and first nodes of old canes and old spurs. Modifying the vine canopy via increased node numbers had a significant effect on all retained dormant shoot attributes (P < 0.05) except on the position relative to the bottom fruiting wire. Conclusions: Cane pruning in commercial vineyards is consistent and follows rules based on viticulture knowledge. Retained, non‐retained dormant shoots, canes and spurs exhibit distinct attributes useful in quantifying, assessing and modelling cane pruning. Significance of the Study: Data and knowledge from the research are currently being used in modelling and training AI cane‐pruning algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential for human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) to be used as a therapeutic product is being assessed in multiple clinical trials. However, much is still to be learned about these cells before they can be used with confidence in the clinical setting. An inherent characteristic of hASCs that is not well understood is their heterogeneity. The aim of this exploratory study was to characterize the heterogeneity of freshly isolated hASCs after two population doublings (P2) using single-cell transcriptome analysis. A minimum of two subpopulations were identified at P2. A major subpopulation was identified as contractile cells which, based on gene expression patterns, are likely to be pericytes and/or vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs).