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Developmental changes in enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), amylase (AMY), pyruvate kinase (PK), Leucine aminopeptidase N (LAP), Lipase (LIP), Glutamic oxalo acetic transaminase (GOT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Chymotrypsin (CHY) and Trypsin (TRY) and levels of thyroid hormones and cortisol were measured in developing embryos and yolk-sac larvae of tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis. During embryonic developmental periods, the fastest growth occurred in blastula stage and hatching appeared at 38.8 hours after fertilization (HAF). Besides PK which appeared in cleavage stage onwards, the other enzymes were observed in fertilized egg. Changeable patterns of enzymatic activities presented five types including upward trend for AMY and CHY, M-shaped trend for LIP and PK, V-shaped trend for LAP and GOT, W-shaped trend for LDH and TRY, and an oscillation trend for ACP and AKP. As for hormones, patterns were M-shaped trend for T3, oscillation trend for T4 and downward trend for cortisol. Furthermore, LDH, LIP, PK, TRY, ACP, GOT and T4 showed relatively high levels in blastula stage, which may be an important factor leading to the most rapid growth of embryo. Regression analysis revealed that AMY, GOT and ACP were significantly correlated with embryonic mass, which may provide an effective way to evaluate development of embryos. During yolk-sac larval periods, mouth-opening day appeared at 3 days after hatching (DAH). Besides LAP, GOT, T4 and cortisol which showed downward tendency, the other enzymes and T3 displayed upward tendency and reached the peak at 3 DAH, preparing well for upcoming exogenous digestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides length‐weight relationships (LWR) that had not yet been reported for four fish species belonging to four different families: Chrysichthys johnelsi Daget, 1959, Cynoglossus senegalensis (Kaup, 1858), Citharichthys stampflii (Steindachner, 1894) and Pseudotolithus typus, Bleeker, 1863. Data were collected in the Fatala estuary, republic of Guinea, each month between January 1993 and March 1994, using alternately a purse seine net (length 250 m, height 20 m, 14 mm side mesh) and gillnets (side mesh sizes of 10, 12.5, 15, 15.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm). For each fish specimen, fork or total length and total weight were measured with precision to 0.1 cm and 0.1 g respectively. A wider size range, compared to the size range available in FishBase, was obtained for Pseudotolithus typus. The present study also provides a new maximum total length for Citharichthys stampflii. The determination coefficient (r²) between length and total body weight ranged between 0.958 in Citharichthys stampflii and 0.989 in Cynoglossus senegalensis. The allometric coefficient b varied from 2.9552 (Chrysichthys johnelsi) to 3.7288 (Citharichthys stampflii). The value of LWRs for the four fish species should assist fisheries scientists and managers to complement their further studies of population parameters to improve management decisions in Fatala estuary and, more widely, in West Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Half‐smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis is a high‐value marine fish species. The intensive farming of this flatfish species has been suffered from disease outbreak. Poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a carbon storage compound accumulated by a wide variety of prokaryotes and is considered biocontrol agent applied in aquaculture. In this study, the dietary effect of PHB‐accumulating Halomonas (HM.PHB) was investigated on survival, growth, resistance on Vibrio anguillarum and intestine microbial composition of C. semilaevis juveniles. Halomonas was fermented, which contained 76% PHB on cell dry weight. The fish juveniles were fed formulated feeds containing 1% HM.PHB, 3% HM.PHB and 5% HM.PHB, and 3% particle PHB (Par.PHB) and 3% Halomonas containing no PHB (HM) for 6 weeks. The basal feed feeding was considered as the control. The results revealed that both Halomonas‐PHB and particle PHB significantly improved the survival and growth of the juveniles than the control (p <.05), while HM was in between. When challenged with V. anguillarum, the survival rate in 1% HM.PHB, 3% HM.PHB and 5% HM.PHB was significantly improved than the control. Moreover, the increased intestine fold, epithelium height and surface were also observed in 3% HM.PHB. PCoA based on high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragment indicated that dietary Halomonas‐PHB and particle PHB modified and stabilized the intestine microbial community of the fish. Our study demonstrated that Halomonas‐PHB is an effective feed additive for C. semilaevis juvenile culture. The outcome of this study facilitates the application of Halomonas‐PHB in C. semilaevis and other marine fish aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: arachidonic acid; characterization; cloning; Cynoglossus semilaevis; pmch2; sex dimorphism EN arachidonic acid characterization cloning Cynoglossus semilaevis pmch2 sex dimorphism 3472 3477 6 07/14/20 20200801 NES 200801 Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), originally discovered in the teleost pituitary, is a hypothalamic neuropeptide involved in the regulation of body colour in fish (Cerdá-Reverter & Canosa, 2009; Kawauchi, Kawazoe, Tsubokawa, Kishida, & Baker, 1983; Mizusawa, Kasagi, & Takahashi, 2018; Mizusawa, Kobayashi, Yamanome, Saito, & Takahashi, 2013; Mizusawa, Yamamura, Kasagi, Cerdá-Reverter, & Takahashi, 2018). The deduced Chinese tongue sole pMCH2 contains a 24-amino acid signal peptide (MISVSSVLITLVLSSVLSSHLVVVA) and a dibasic (RR) cleavage site near the C terminus that likely is used to generate the MCH peptides, a 23-amino acid peptide (NTELDMLRCMIGRVYRCWGTSN). The functions of MCH in fish reproduction and a potential gender difference in MCH action would merit investigation. Arachidonic acid, characterization, cloning, Cynoglossus semilaevis, pmch2, sex dimorphism. [Extracted from the article]

Our previous studies have indicated that dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) significantly affects the gonadal steroidogenesis in the marine teleost tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, and this effect was more positive in male fish than in female fish (Aquaculture, 468, 378–385). As a following up study, the present study was further aimed at investigating the possible mechanisms in the brain mediating the effects of dietary ARA on gonadal steroidogenesis. A 70‐day feed trial was repeated with two‐year‐old tongue sole, using three experimental diets with graded levels of ARA, 0.34%, 2.53%, and 9.63% of total fatty acids. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 23 fish (15 males and 8 females). The results confirmed the positive effect of dietary ARA on testosterone production in male fish. The concentration of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) in serum responded to dietary ARA in a similar pattern with the testosterone concentration, but the concentration of gonadotrophin in serum was not affected by dietary ARA. The response of gene expression of PKCβ, ARRB1, ARRB2, ERK2 and ATF3 in the brain to dietary ARA was in good agreement with those of GnRH and testosterone, indicating the possible involvement of PKC‐ARRB‐ERK‐ATF3 pathway in signalling transduction of GnRH. However, the PI3K/Akt and TLR/NF‐κB pathways may not be directly involved in the regulation of GnRH metabolism by ARA. This is the first study reporting the possible involvement of PKC/MAPK pathways in regulation of reproductive endocrine processes by long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain of marine fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The length–weight relationships (LWRs) for seven fish species belonging to five families in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters are presented. Cynoglossus gracilis, Cynoglossus macrolepidotus, Ctenotrypauchen chinensis, Collichthys niveatus, Ophichthusapicalis and Erisphex potti were collected monthly in 2009 using trammel nets (the size of smaller mesh net was 1.5 m × 15 m × 4 panels with mesh sizes of 2.5, 3.4, 4.3 and 5.8 cm; the size of larger‐mesh net was 2.4 m × 30 m × 4 panels with mesh sizes of 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 cm; soaking overnight). Lophiogobius ocellicauda were collected December in 2020 using shrimp trawl nets (mesh size 2.0 cm). The precision of measurement for the fish specimens is 0.1 cm total length and 0.1 g total weight. The estimated ranges of the parameters a and b for the seven fish species were from 0.0001 to 0.0289 and 2.718 to 3.541, respectively. Two new maximum total length were recorded for Ctenotrypauchen chinensis and Ophichthusapicalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study estimated the LWRs of six fishes from the coastal waters of Greater Accra, Ghana. Data was obtained monthly from June 2018 to July 2019 and analyzed for total length and weight measurement to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.01 g respectively. The sampling was done using hooks and line as well as monofilament and multifilament gear types. The mesh sizes for both monofilament and multifilament gear types ranged from 0.5 to 2 inches whereas the hooks types ranged from 6 to 12. The b values for the assessed species were within the range 2.8–3.2. There was strong correlation between the length and weight of all the species (R2 >.95). This study provides LWRs for Cynoglossus senegalensis, Scorpaena histrio and Pseudotolithus senegalensis and larger maximum total length (TLmax) for Syacium micrurum, Eucinostomus melanopterus and Brachydeuterus auritus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new cell line ( TSHC) derived from heart tissues was established from female half-smooth tongue sole ( Cynoglossus semilaevis), an economically important marine fish species in China. The cell line had been subcultured for more than 30 times over a period of 200 days. The cell line was optimally maintained at 24°C in minimum essential medium (MEM) medium containing foetal bovine serum ( FBS), 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me), sodium pyruvate, basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF) and antibiotics. The TSHC cells were mostly composed of fibroblast-like cells. Chromosome analysis revealed that the TSHC cell line had a normal diploid karyotype with 2n = 42, containing the heterogametic W chromosome. The TSHC cell line was susceptible to infection by flounder Lymphocystis disease virus ( LCDV). Although an atypical cytopathic effect and only few of virus particles in the cytoplasm was observed, it provides a research material on the cell-pathogen interaction research about the viral infection of non-host species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for three traits based on 28 Cynoglossus semilaevis families approximately 6 months of age (at least 5 cm total length), including trait_1 (survival of 26 families, 3434 individuals in total subjected to challenge tests with Edwardsiella tarda), trait_2 (survival of 20 families, 2016 individuals in total subjected to challenge tests with Vibrio anguillarum) and trait_3 (survival of 27 families, 9340 individuals tagged at circa 180 days of age and reared in indoor ponds for circa another 5 months). The result showed that there were large differences in the survival of the families after challenge (11.11-65.31% for E. tarda and 9.18-70.54% for V. anguillarum). Additionally, the survival of families reared in indoor ponds was also different, varying from 21.00% to 73.67%. Heritabilities of the three traits varied from 0.14 to 0.26, as estimated by the linear model ( LM) and the threshold model ( TM). The trait_1 heritabilities (0.26 and 0.19 estimated by LM and TM) were higher than those of the others (0.20 and 0.23 estimated by LM, 0.14 and 0.19 estimated by TM). The estimates of heritabilities using LM were consistently higher than those of TM in this study. There were significant medium genetic correlations of 0.44 and 0.42 between trait_1 and trait_2 obtained from LM and TM (P < 0.05). However, very low and non-significant genetic correlations of trait_1 and trait_3 (−0.10 for LM, −0.05 for TM), as well as those of trait_2 and trait_3 (0.05 for LM, 0.04 for TM) were obtained. Therefore, indirect selection for trait_1 and trait_2 was effective, but almost ineffectual for trait_1 and trait_3 as well as trait_2 and trait_3. Otherwise, there was no significant difference in the predictive abilities of LM and TM. Two families resistant to both Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum were selected plus one family resistant to both Vibrio anguillarum and naturally infected by unknown pathogens through family selection. As there was very low and non-significant genetic correlation of trait_3 and trait_1 as well as trait_2, superior strains are anticipated with the ability to resist two or more kinds of diseases, through the crossing of families selected for the three traits described above. The results support the hypothesis that genetic variation exists for disease survival, which could be used to design a breeding program for selecting strains of Cynoglossus semilaevis with high disease resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study provides length–weight relationships (LWRs) for three flatfish species: Cynoglossus bilineatus (Lacepède, 1802), Solea elongata (Day, 1877), and Pseudorhombus elevatus (Ogilby, 1912) from Motaf fishing grounds (latitude 27°00′ to 28°03′N; longitude 51°41′ to 52°11′E), Bushehr province, Iran. A total of 103 fish specimens were collected using shrimp trawler with 40 mm (stretched mesh size) at depths of 10–30 m between August and September 2017. The LWRs for fish species were W = 0.0019L3.353 for C. bilineatus: W = 0.0093L3.174 for S. elongata, and W = 0.006L3.181 for P. elevatus, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responses of compensatory growth to high temperature and feed restriction in juvenile tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis (Güther, 1873), were investigated during a 56-days experiment. Fish were divided into seven groups including three high-temperature treatments which were reared at 28°C for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, then returned to 22°C (recorded as T1, T2 and T3), three feed-restricted treatments which were fed 25% satiation for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, then fed ad libitum (recorded as R1, R2 and R3) and a control (continuously reared at 22°C). The results showed that juvenile tongue sole exposed to thermal stress for 1 week exhibited overcompensatory growth. However, complete compensation occurred in T2, T3 and R1 fish, while partial compensation occurred in R2 and R3 fish. The body composition and energy content of fish were not significantly different among all treatments ( P > 0.05). The specific growth rate and feed efficiency of fish in T1 were significantly higher than other treatments during the whole experiment period ( P < 0.05). Higher feed efficiency and apparent digestion rate during recovery might account for the compensatory growth in tongue sole in the present study. Hyperphagia played an important role in compensatory growth for feed-restricted fish, but was not involved in the compensatory response in thermal stressed fish in the present study. The results from the present study suggested that a suitable thermal stress could be more feasible to elicit compensatory growth than feed restriction in juvenile tongue sole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatiotemporal occurrence and feeding habits of tonguefish ( Cynoglossus lighti Norman, 1925) larvae were investigated in an offshore area (>5 m in depth) of the inner part of Ariake Bay, Japan. All specimens were symmetric, free-swimming larvae. Although their seasonal abundance and distribution in the study site varied from year to year, spawning started in June and the larval abundance was high in August and September with a wide distribution in the inner part of the bay. Both present and previous study results strongly suggest that larvae may settle primarily in the estuary and near-shore areas of Ariake Bay after their wide distribution in the offshore area of the bay during the free-swimming stage. Larvae showed a clear feeding rhythm in which they fed on prey mainly during the daytime. Larvae fed exclusively on copepods, and identified prey were mostly Paracalanidae (mainly Parvocalanus crassirostris), Microsetella norvegica, and Oithona davisae. Pre-metamorphosis larvae fed primarily on Paracalanidae and O. davisae, whereas O. davisae formed a smaller proportion of the early-metamorphosis diet. In early metamorphoses, larvae fed preferentially on Paracalanidae and M. norvegica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compensatory growth, body composition and energy budget of juvenile tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis (Günther, 1873), subjected to an unfavourable temperature were investigated during 56 days experiment. Fish were divided into four groups including three groups, which were reared at 16°C for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, then returned to 22°C (recorded as A1, A2 and A3) and a control group (continuously reared at 22°C, C). At the end of the experiment, the body mass was significantly higher in A1 than that in the control ( P < 0.05), which indicated over compensatory growth occurred in A1 fish. No significant difference was found in body mass among A2, A3 and C fish ( P > 0.05), which indicated complete compensatory growth occurred in A2 and A3 fish. The underlying mechanisms for compensatory growth could be attributed to an improved energetic efficiency resulting from reduced metabolic expenditure and higher feed efficiency during the period of recovery. Furthermore, the fish exposed to lower temperature for 3 weeks showed hyperphagia. The results suggested that the juvenile C. semilaevis exposed to lower temperature for a suitable period (1-3 weeks) used feed more efficiently. This approach may be a useful rearing strategy for indoor culture of C. semilaevis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytochrome P450c17 ( CYP17, 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) is a critical enzyme in the production of androgens and estrogens in vertebrates. A 2102 bp full-length cDNA of P450c17-II ( CYP17A2) has been isolated from the ovary of half-smooth tongue sole, C ynoglossus semilaevis which encodes 524 amino acids. The putative P450c17- II enzyme shares higher sequence identity with those of teleosts than with P450c17- I of vertebrate. The similarity between the two types of tongue sole P450c17 was 48%.Semi-quantitative RT- PCR analysis of spatial expression showed the enzyme was specifically expressed in the ovary and the head kidney. However, temporal expression shows that P450c17- II can be found in the brain. Furthermore, temporal expression pattern of P450c17- II in ovary and brain revealed developmental stage-dependency, and ovary P450c17- II expressed remarkably throughout the whole reproductive cycle. Otherwise, the expression pattern of P450c17- II in head kidney indicated negative ovary development-dependence. In addition, combined with our data on P450c17- I, T and E2 levels, the results further endorse the critical role of P450c17- II during shift in steroidogenesis, suggesting that P450c17- I and - II may act together to this physiological process. Based on the present study, we indicate an important role for P450c17- II during ovarian development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are host defense peptides that are well conserved throughout the course of evolution. Histones are classical DNA-binding proteins, rich in cationic amino acids, and recently appreciated as precursors for various histone-derived AMPs. The present study deals with identification of the potential antimicrobial peptide sequence of teleostin from the histone H2A of marine teleost fishes, Cynoglossus semifasciatus and Tachysurus jella. A 245 bp amplicon coding for 81 amino acids was obtained from the cDNA transcripts of these fishes. The first 52 amino acids from the N terminal of the peptide were identical to previously characterized histone-derived antimicrobial peptides. Molecular and physicochemical characterizations of the sequence were found to be in agreement with previously reported histone H2A-derived AMPs, suggesting the possible role of histone H2A in innate defense mechanism in fishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective methods for induction of gynogenetic diploids in Cynoglossus semilaevis are needed to initiate monosex culture. An effective protocol to induce half-smooth tongue sole gynogenesis using homologous sperm was developed in this study. A UV dose of 50 mJ cm−2 was found to be the most effective for genetic inactivation of tongue sole sperm. Treatment optima for cold shocks were 5 °C for 20–23 min at 5 min after fertilization and the hatching rate of gynogenetic diploids was 10.0%. Microsatellite analysis at locus Csou 6 revealed that there was no genetic contribution from the paternal genome in 24 progenies of a meiotic gynogenetic family. Polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that only four individuals of 24 meiotic gynogenetic diploids produced the female-specific band of about 205 bp. The female/male ratio of gynogenetic diploids was significantly different from the theoretical ratio of 1:1. It is possible that there are some recessive lethal genes in W chromosome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrastructures of spermiogenesis and spermatozoon of commercially valuable tongue fish Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy. The study shows that the spermiogenesis of C. semilaevis can be divided into four stages, and the course of spermatid differentiation included flagellum development, chromatin compaction, nuclear fossa formation, migration of diplosome and mitochondria with structural change and disappearance of residual cytoplasm. No acrosome was observed in spermatozoon of C. semilaevis. The nucleus of sperm was U-shaped; the nuclear fossa was deep with a centriolar complex at the bottom composed by proximal centriole and basal body. Five to six mitochondria were located behind the nucleus in a circle, forming the midpiece of sperm. The sperm tail, 43±2.4 μm ( n=5) long, had lateral fins and sacciform tissues in some parts of the tail, with axoneme shown of a typical ‘9+2’ pattern. The ultrastructural observation revealed that the sperm of C. semilaevis is of a primitive type among teleostean fish species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the G-band patterns of the metaphase chromosomes of tonguefish Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873, the first description and numbering of the karyotyped bands in metaphase chromosomes. The G-banding method stained positively 68.1% of the chromosome surface in C. semilaevis; a total of 171 G-bands (89 positive, 74 negative and eight variables) were recorded in 20 pairs of autosomes and in one pair of the sex-chromosomes Z and W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article determines the effect of different protein sources on the performance of larval tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. The effect of supplementation of meals for fish, shrimp, mussel or fish protein hydrolysate was measured in a microdiet on growth and survival of tongue sole larvae. Authors of the study indicated positive effects on fish performance due to the inclusion of protein hydrolysate as partial or total replacement for native proteins in diets. The study indicated that fish protein hydrolysate showed potential as an ingredient in tongue sole larvae diet.

The feeding rhythm and growth characteristics of the early life stages of the tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, were studied. Larvae began to prey on rotifers about 2–3 days after hatching at 23°C. About 12 days after hatching, larvae had grown to 8–9 mm in total length and were able to prey on Artemia larvae. As the larvae grew, they showed an increasing feeding capacity and a distinct feeding rhythm. Feeding intensity for day-6 larvae was highest at 12:00 and 18:00 hours, about 2–3 h after the maximum feeding incidence. The highest levels of feeding intensity for day-16 larvae occurred between 09:00 and 18:00 hours. By day 26, when the larvae had metamorphosed, feeding capacity had again increased considerably and, in contrast to the earlier stages, feeding intensity peaked at 18:00 and 24:00 hours concurrently with feeding incidence. Thus, tongue sole were found to have different feeding rhythms in the pre- and post-metamorphosis stages, with the highest feeding activity in the daytime during the larval planktonic stage, and at night during the juvenile benthic stage. The estimated maximum daily feeding rates were 65%, 40% and 11% of body weight on days 6, 16 (larvae) and 26 (juveniles) respectively. Size variation increased markedly with development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, an inshore fish in China, has showed great potential in aquaculture recently. However, poor survival was recorded during the period of weaning from live Artemia to artificial diets. In this paper, the influence of co-feeding larvae with live and inert diet on weaning performance was described. The C. semilaevis larvae were reared at 21 ± 1 °C and fed four different feeding regimes from 6 days post-hatching (dph): A, Artemia (10 individuals mL−1); B, Artemia (5 individuals mL−1); C, mixed diet (10 Artemia individuals mL−1 and 12 mg L−1 inert diet); and D, mixed diet (5 Artemia individuals mL−1 and 12 mg L−1 inert diet). Rotifers were also supplied in all cases during the first days of feeding. Mixed diets of commercial formulated feed and live prey (rotifers and Artemia) allowed larvae to complete metamorphosis, achieving similar specific growth rate (SGR) (18.5 ± 1.4% and 18.7 ± 1.6%) and survival (40 ± 7.6% and 48.5 ± 6.8%) compared with larvae fed on live feed alone (SGR of 18.3 ± 1.2%, 19.3 ± 1.9% and survival of 41.2 ± 11.3%, 38 ± 4.9%). However, in metamorphosed fish, when live feed was withdrawn on 31 dph, there was significant difference ( P < 0.05) in survival and growth among treatments. Metamorphosed fish, previously fed mixture diets during larval stages, had similar survival (62.1 ± 7.6% and 62.8 ± 3.9% for regimes C and D, respectively) but higher than that obtained for fish that previously fed on live feed (49.3 ± 2% and 42.1 ± 3.9% for regimes A and B, respectively) after weaning (day 60). The SGR of weaned fish previously fed live feed was similar (3.1 ± 0.6% and 2.92 ± 0.6% for regimes A and B, respectively) but lower than that recorded for fish that was fed from day 6 to day 30 on the mixed diet (4.5 ± 1.1% and 4.9 ± 0.3% for regimes C and D, respectively). It is suggested that weaning of C. semilaevis from early development would appear to be feasible and larval co-feeding improves growth and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Length–weight relationships were determined for three fish species (Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (Bleeker, 1851), Liparis tanakae (Gilbert & Burke, 1912), Zoarces elongatus (Kner, 1868)) from Bohai Sea (38°38′–40°28′N; 119°42′–121°10′E), China. Fish specimens were sampled monthly between May 1982 to May 1983 using pair bottom trawlers (150.5 × 96.5 m, mesh size: 30–200 mm) with a cod end (mesh size: 30 mm), which were towed at a ship's speed of two knots for 1 hr at a maximum depth of about 80 m. Relationships between length and weight were fitted very well for all species (all R2 > .90). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The present study provides length–weight relationship (LWR) of three fish species, Cynoglossus puncticeps (Richardson, 1846), Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton, 1822 and Cynoglossus lida (Bleeker, 1851) of family Cynoglossidae from Chilika lagoon (19°28′–19°54′N; 85°05′–85°38′E), India. A total of 147 specimens were sampled during March, July and October of 2017 from screen barrier nets (mesh 14 mm to 26 mm) locally called khonda jal operated by local fishermen. The estimated b values derived from the data sets as follows: 3.12 for C. puncticeps, 3.09 for C. lida, and 2.88 for C. lingua. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study presents the length‐weight relationships (LWRs) for four marine finfishes namely, Alepes kleinii (Bloch, 1793), Cynoglossus macrostomus Norman, 1928, Epinephelus diacanthus (Valenciennes, 1828) and Opisthopterus tardoore (Cuvier, 1829) collected from Ratnagiri, West Coast of India. A total of 2149 specimens were measured for obtaining the LWRs. The range of slope b (2.473–3.252) was almost within the expected range of 2.5–3.5 (Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22, 241, 2006). The intercept a ranged from 0.0031–0.0184. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The length-weight relationships ( LWRs) for six little-known fish species collected in the northern Persian Gulf (south of Iran) are presented, namely, Plicofollis dussumieri, Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer, Cynoglossus bilineatus, Cynoglossus arel, Solea elongata, and Pseudorhombus elevates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Molecular Mechanism of P450c17-II (17, 20-lyase) Regulating Gonad Development in Female Cynoglossus semilaevis" published in a 2013 issue is presented.