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Background. Plant seeds have gained interest for their health benefits due to their fatty acid content.The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary consumption of milled sesame/pumpkin/flax seed mixture on glycemic control, serum lipids, phospholipid fatty acid status, and inflammatory factors in patients on hemodialysis. Methods. Thirty patients with well nutrition status (18 male, 12 female) were enrolled in the study. Participants consumed 30 g of milled sesame/pumpkin/flax (6 g/6 g/18 g, resp.) seeds mixture added to their habitual diet. Results. Total n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and levels of linoleic, dihomogamma- linolenic (DGLA), arachidonic, alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid were increased after 12 weeks of supplementation. A significant decrease of the serum triglyceride level (P < 0.001), glucose, insulin, calculated IR HOMA (P < 0.05), and inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and hs-CRP, P < 0.001) was observed after seed mixture treatment. The serum levels of CRP and TNF-alpha negative correlate with ALA, DHA, and DGLA. Conclusion. Results of this study indicated that dietary milled sesame/pumpkin/flax seed mixture added to a habitual diet lowered triglyceride and CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels, affect glycemic control and improved fatty acid profile and pruritus symptoms in hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrothermically processed Prosopis juliflora (PJ) seed meal as a supplementary diet for Labeo rohita is found to be rich in protein (330 g kg) having antinutritional factors in permissible limits and containing essential amino acids adequately except lysine, methionine and cysteine. Ten iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets with crude, soaked and autoclaved seed meal at 20%, 35% and 50% replacement of fish meal were tested (D1-D9, respectively). The growth of fish (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio) fed diet D4 (soaked seed meal at 20% replacement) was higher among the test diets, but lower than reference diet (RD). Diets with 50% seed meal resulted in lowering of growth, carcass composition, digestive enzyme activity and digestibility compared to test diets at 20% and 35% inclusion levels in the respective groups. Hydrothermically processed seed meal improved the growth compared to unprocessed one, though not up to RD level. This could be because of amino acid imbalance and presence of non-starch polysaccharides in seed meal. Looking to the easy availability and its nutritional quality, processed PJ seed meal can be incorporated in carp diet at lower inclusion level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested influences of germination and germination in combination with autoclaving on antinutritional factors (ANFs) and digestibility of four grain legumes (field pea, chick pea, black gram and lentil) in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (8 ± 0.5 g). Germination resulted in a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in crude protein and decrease in crude lipid content, irrespective of seed variety. Reductions in ANFs were observed to varying extents depending on treatment process, except germination which substantially ( P < 0.05) increased trypsin inhibitor levels (TI). However, a significant reduction in TI was observed on subsequent autoclaving. Highest reductions for all the three ANFs were seen in seeds processed by germination in combination with autoclaving. Higher apparent digestibility co-efficients (ADCs) for dry matter (73.4-84.5%) and crude protein (89.1-99.6%) were obtained in seeds processed by germination in combination with autoclaving, and the trend was similar for all tested seeds. ADCs for crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract were ranged between 32.43-46.46 and 75.49-82.13, respectively. To conclude, irrespective of type, seeds processed by germination in combination with autoclaving were low in ANF and showed improved proximate composition as influenced by germination. Both of these positive influences were reflected in higher ADCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) values for mechanically extracted meal derived from roquette ( Eruca sativa) seeds were obtained. The digestibility of dry matter (DM), protein and energy was measured using an inert marker in the diets and by faeces collection using the dissection method. Soybean meal and roquette meal had similar ADC values for protein and energy. Roquette seed meal was thereafter evaluated as a protein source in diets (400-g crude protein, 120-g crude lipid and 18.00 MJ gross energy kg−1 DM) fed to African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, fingerlings (10.4±0.4 g) to apparent satiation twice daily for 70 days. The test diets contained roquette seed meal as replacement for soybean meal protein in a control diet, providing 20%, 40% or 60% of the total protein. Catfish mortality was low (<10%) and not diet related. Substituting soybean meal protein with roquette seed meal protein providing 20% of total protein did not affect weight gain, growth response, feed conversion ratio, protein utilization or carcass composition of catfish. Catfish growth was, however, retarded and feed was poorly utilized only when roquette seed meal provided above 20% of total protein, caused by reduced energy digestibility, deficiencies in some essential amino acids and presence of antinutritional factors. Livers of catfish fed high dietary levels of roquette seed meal showed severe histological abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]